Chapter 6 – Flashcards
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1. From the land surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons
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O, A, E, B, C, bedrock
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2. What two factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils
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High Temperatures and Moisture
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3. Which term describes a soil formed by weathering of the underlying bedrock
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Residual
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4. Removal of the soluble chemical constituents from a soil is termed leaching
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True
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5. Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in river beds and on beaches
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True
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6. What portion of an angular, fracture-bounded granitic block shows the highest rate of weathering
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The edges and corners
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7. The finely divided, red, brown and yellow soil-coloring minerals originate by what process
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Precipitation of iron oxides during chemical weathering processes
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8. Which one of the following is an important, mechanical process for enlarging fractures and extending them deeper into large boulders and bedrock
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Frost wedging
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9. Which one of the following statements concerning soil erosion is not true
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Sheet erosion, rills and gullies develop mainly during prolonged droughts
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10. Caliche is an excessive accumulation of...
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Calcium carbonate in the B horizon of a pedocal.
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11. Which of the following statements concerning humus is not true
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Humus consists of decaying and partly decayed leaves and other plant materials
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12. Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff
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Talus slope
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13. Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is not true
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Involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material
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14. Which of the following is/are most susceptible to chemical weathering by dissolution
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Calcite
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15. Which of the following statements about laterites or tropical rainforests is true
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Laterite soils readily compact and harden when dried and exposed to sunlight
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16. Clay minerals formed from granite and diorite bedrock illustrate which kind of weathering
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Chemical
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17. Frost wedging is the major weathering process contributing to the formation of which regolith material
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Talus slopes
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18. Which one of the following best describes sets of fractures in relatively fresh bedrock, such as granite, that are roughly parallel to the land surface
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Sheeting fractures
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19. Ferromagnesium minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, that crystallize at high temperatures in Bowen's reaction series are generally less susceptible to chemical weathering than quartz.
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False
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20. Which one of the following statements best describes erosion
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The process by which weathered rock and mineral particles are removed from one area and transported elsewhere
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21. What two chemical constituents cannot form by chemical weathering of feldspar minerals
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Insoluble iron oxides and soluble magnesium bicarbonates
