mitochondria – Flashcards
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what types of cells are mitochondria found in?
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all eukaryotic cells
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what is mitochondria
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the power plants of the cell
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what does mitochondria do
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converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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how many membranes
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2; outer and inner
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what does the inner membrane do
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folds over many times and creates layered structures called cristae
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what does the outer membrane do
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covers the organelle and contains it like a skin
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how are mitochondria inherited?
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in humans, most come from the cytoplasm of the ovum, or egg cell
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what do both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain
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their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules
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what are believed to have be descended from independent microorganisms? what is the name of the theory?
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chloroplasts and mitochondria; endosymbiotic theory
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organelles that act like a...
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digestive system
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what is the biochemical process of the cell known as
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cellular respiration
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where does cellular respiration happen
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in the mitochondria
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where are they inside the cell?
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small; floating free throughout the cell
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what types of cells have the most mitochondria? why?
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muscle cells because they need a lot of energy
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what types of cells need the least amount? why?
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Neurons because they transmit nerve impulses
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what happens if a cell feels it's not getting enough energy?
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creates more, they grow larger, or combine with others
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what is the fluid contained in the mitochondria called?
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the matrix
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what does the folding of the inner membrane increase?
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the surface area inside the organelle
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where do many of the chemical reactions happen?
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on the inner membrane
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the increased surface area of the inner membrane creates...
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more space for reactions to ocur
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similar surface area strategies are used by...
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microvilli in your intestines
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what's in the matrix?
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mitochondria has their own special ribosomes, granules(may control concentrations of ions), and DNA floating in the matrix
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the matrix is filled with what?
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water and proteins
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the mitochondria are the only place in the cell where oxygen...
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is reduced and eventually broken down into water
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what are mitochondria also involved in?
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controlling the concentration of calcium ions within the cell
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what do the mitochondria very closely work with?
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the ER (to limit the amount of calcium in the cytosol)
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modern mitochondria have striking similarities to what?
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modern prokaryotes
