HSC003 midterm Miami-Dade college – Flashcards
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Prefix
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Attached to the beginning of word roots and combining forms to add to or chane their meaning DESCRIBES Location Position Direction Time Number Absence of Color
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Suffix
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Attached to end of the word roots and combining forms to add to or change their meaning. All medical terms have an ending or suffix unless the word root is a word itself. Some common meaning include: Pathological conditions Diagnostic procedures Surgical procedures Pertaining to Produced by Resembling I.e. Megaly Itis
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New term
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Start at far right and isolate the suffix
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Combining form
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Combining forms consist of word roots plus a bowel usually O, separated from the word root with a slash Mark I.e. Gastr/o
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Word root
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The word root is the part of the medical term that gives the word main meaning. It usually but not always refers to STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of the body. All medical terms have at least one word root. The following are examples... Gastr stomach Enter small intestine.
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Three leading cause of death
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1)heart disease 2)cancer 3)stroke Often due to lifestyle choices
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Patients bill of rights
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A. Right to be informed B. Right to choose C. Right to be heard and respected D. Right to safety
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Skeletal system
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Gives shape to body Provides place for muscles to attach Protect internal organs Store minerals Manufacture blood cells
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Muscle system
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Movement Contractility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity
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Integumentary sytem
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Protection from environmental hazards Controls temp Prevents dehydration
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Cardiovascular system
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Transports Regulates temp
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Lymphatic system
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Second transportation system Immune response
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Respiratory system
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Delivers air to the sites for gas exchange
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Digestive system
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Process food for energy
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Urinary system
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Eliminates excess water salts and waste
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Endocrine system
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Hormones Nervous system associated Feedback
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Assesment
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Gather facts and information
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Signs
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Diagnostic tests Measurements Observations
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Wellness
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Encouraging a patient to follow a healthy diet and start an exercise program
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Long term care
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Largest employment opportunities
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Black Plague
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First attempts to enforce public health measures
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Holistic
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Whole individual is considered when planning treatments
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Osteopathy
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If musculoskeletal system is in good order the body can protect itself
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Chiropractic
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Bodily dysfunction is caused by pressure on nerves as they leave the spinal column.
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Homeopathy
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Disorders can can be cured with very small doses of substances that cause the symptoms of the disorder
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Massage therapy
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Pressure on the muscles promotes blood circulation and healing
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Acupuncture
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Needles inserted to energy pathways
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Reflexology
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Pressure points of feet manipulated
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Therapeutic touch
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Hands are used just above the surface of the body to direct energy flow
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Intensive care unit
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Specialized care and equipment for patient with serious illness and injury
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Rehab unit
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Therapies to regain physical and mental function
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Continuing care community
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Variety of living arrangements that range from independent to provision of regular medical or nursing care.
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Assisted living
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Housing meals and help with personal care
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General unit
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Care for seriously ill who do not need constant nursing.
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Cardiac care unit
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Serious heart conditions
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Skilled nursing facility
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24 hour nursing services for patients with serious heart conditions
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Hospice
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Care and support for dying
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Psychiatric hospital
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Care and rehab mentalnbevioral disorders
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Transitional care unit
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Care and assessment to determine long term needs
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Intermediate care facility
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Personal care, social services and nursing care as needed
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Emergency room
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Immediate care for serious illness and injury
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Private physicians iffices
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Provide a majority of outpatient services
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Euthanasia
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Taking deliberate action that results in death
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Principles of health care ethics
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Preserve life Do good Respect autonomy Uphold justice Be honest Be discreet Keep promises Do no harm
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Consent
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Permission Patient must I've before treatment Mentally competent adults and emancipated minors
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Battery
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Touching or treating patients without consent
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Patient autonomy
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Patients have the right to make their own decisions Can choose type of treatment May refuse treatment
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Assault
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Threatening to treat or touch patient without consent
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False imprisonment
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Holding mentally competent patients against their will.
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Informed consent
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Procedure explained including possible consequences
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Implied consent
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Patients actions
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Express consent
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Given in writing
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Contracts
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Offer Acceptance Consideration
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Express contract
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Discussion and agreement in the specific terms and conditions
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Implied contract
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Actions of parties create and carry out contract.
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Malpractice
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Poor communication Results in patient anger
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Scope of practice
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Set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the extent of the medical health corpsmans
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Oncologist
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Prevention Diagnosis Treatment of cancer
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Body mechanics
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Correct positioning for a given task
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Repetitive motion injuries
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Overuse of one body part Hands arms neck shoulders Cause inflammation I.e.: Carpal tunnel Thoracic outlet syndrome Tendinitis
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Get up
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Every 20-30 minutes
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Straight wrist
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Prevents injury
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Aseptic technique
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Method used to make patient and order and environment pathogen free as possible
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Bacteria
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Microorganisms that are one cel led plants can be either pathogenic or nonpathogenic
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Standard precautions
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Reduce risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in healthcare aettings Hand hygiene Personal protective equipment (Ppe) Hygiene and cough etiquette
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Communicable disease
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Can be transmitted either directly or indirectly from one individual to another
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Fungi
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Microorganism a that represent a large group of simple plants; may be pathogenic or non pathogenic
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Germ theory
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States that specific microorganism called bacteria are the cause of specific disease
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Hepatitis b
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A virus that causes a blood borne infection. An occupational hazard
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Host
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Living plant or animal from which microorganisms derive nourishment
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Infection control
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Procedures to be followed to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
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Microorganism
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Microscopic living organism which may be single called or multicellular. Plants or animals
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Opportunistic infection
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Infection due to weakened physiological star of body.
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Infectious disease
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Disease cause by growth of pathogens
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Pathogen
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Infectious agent. Causes disease or illness to its host.
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Virus
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Small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Protozoa
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Microorganisms that's are typically single called classified as animal like.
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Sterile field
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Area designated to be free of microorganisms.
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Triage
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Chest pains first
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Splashed eyes
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Rinse for 15 minutes
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Afebrile
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A temperature that is within normal range
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Apnea
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Absence of respirations
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Bradycardia
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Heart rate below normal range
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Dyspnea
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Labored breathing difficulty breathing
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Eupnea
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Normal breathing
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Febrile
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Temp above normal range
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Orthopnea
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Can only breathe will sitting or standing
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Pulse point
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Specific sites in body where arterial pulsation a can be felt
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Stethoscope
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An instrument that amplifies the sounds so they can be heart within the body
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Tachycardia
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Heart rate above normal
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Orthodontic hypertension
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High blood pressure with standing
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Anaphylactic shock
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Severe allergic reaction affecting respiratory system that results in swelling of respiratory systems and restricts breathing
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Golden rule
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Do no further harm
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Sprain
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Torn ligament fibers that result in loosening of the joint
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Muscle strain
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Sudden tearing I'd muscle fibers during exertion. Pulled muscle
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Sucking wound
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Puncture into resp system. Resulting in loss of air as orient breathes
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Angina
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Lack of oxygen to heart
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Stroke
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Sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen caused by blockage of blood flow or rupture of artery to the brain.
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Medical math
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Add Subtract Multiply divide
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Ratio
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Shows one number compared to another
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Minin
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Apothecary unit for one drop
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Reciprocal
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Upside down version of a fraction
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Proportion
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Statement of equality between ratios
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Reference plane
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Real or imaginary surface from which an angle is measured
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Degree
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Unit for measuring angles
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Roman numerals
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I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000 3 of the same cannot be put infront of each other
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Celsius to Fahrenheit
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C x 1.8 +32
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Abdominal cavity
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Abdomen: Stomach Intestines Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen
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Caudal
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Lower back
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Cranial cavity
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Brain
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Distal
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Farther from the reference base point
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Lateral
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Away from the center of the body towards the sides
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Medial
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Toward the midline or center of the body
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Pelvic cavity
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Lower abdomen: Urinray bladder Rectum Reproductive organs
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Peripheral
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Anatomical term meaning away from the center.
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Posterior body cavity(dorsal body cavity )
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Cranial and spinal cavities. Protects the structures of the nervous system.
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Spinal cavity
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Located within the spinal column. Contains spinal cord
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Thoracic cavity
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Chest: Contains heart Lungs and major blood vessels
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Cell membrane
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Outer covering that controls substances entering and leaving the cell
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Cytoplasm
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Gel like liquid in cell. Consists of water Proteins Carbs Lipids Salts
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Nucleous
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Cell reproduction and other cell activity
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Ribosomes
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Produce protein
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Mitochondria
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Produce energy Carries out cellular respiration
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Smooth ER
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Synthesis of lipids No ribosomes Ribosome free
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Rough ER
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Protein synthesis. Contains ribosomes
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Golgi apparatus
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Packages proteins for export. Forms secretory vesicles.
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Vesicles
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Storage and transport
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Cell wall
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Contains cellulose or chitin. Protection and support.
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Nucleolus
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Assembles ribosomes. Site of genes for rRNA synthesis.
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Lysosome
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Digests macromolecules
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Diagnosis
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Name of disease
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Symptom
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Any manifestation of a condition that is apparent to the patient.
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Sign
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Indication if medical condition that can be objectively observed.
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Prognosis
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Prediction of the possible outcome of a disease and the potential for recovery
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Prenatal
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Conception to birth Zygote Embryo Fetus No psychosocial stage Rapid growth
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Infancy
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Birth to 1 year Neonate Infant Physical growth Cognitive skills Trust vs mistrust
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Toddler
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1-3 Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Autonomy vs shame and doubt
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Preschool
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3-6 Physical change Motor sensor ability Cognitive skills Initiative vs guilt
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School age
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6-12 Physical change Motor website ability Cognitive skills Industry vs inferiority
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Adolescence
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12-20 Physical change Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Identity vs role confusion
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Young adulthood
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20 30s Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Intimacy vs isolation
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Middle adulthood
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40-65 years Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Generativy vs stagnation Chronic illness likely to apoear
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Later adulthood
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65-75 young old 75-84 middle old 85 to death old old frail elderly Physical changes Motor sensory ability Cognitive skills Ego integrity vs despair
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SOAP
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Subject Object Assessment Plan
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Auscultation
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Listening to internal sounds of body.
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Palpitation
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Touches and feels to examine size Consistency Texture Locations Tenderness of organ
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Percussion
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Tapping with fingers or instrument and listening
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Inspection
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Visual
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Osteomyelitis
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Infection if the bone
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Adult BP
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Normal ranges for blood pressure adult lower than 120/80
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young children bp
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80-110 SYS 50-80 DIAS
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Infants bp
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75-100 SYS 50-70 DIAS
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1 pound
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16 ounces 454 grams
