question

what year was hanen developed?

answer

1975.

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what is hanen

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a program for groups of parents whose children had significant language delays did something new instead of giving the children speech therapy once a week, they gathered the parents in a group for a series of sessions and taught them how they could assume a primary role in helping their child develop improved communication.

question

Parent-focused model of language intervention for toddlers and preschoolers with language disorders

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"it takes two to talk"

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for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

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"more than words"

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in these specific programs, parents are taught to use:

answer

1) child-centered strategies (follow child's lead) 2) interaction promoting strategies (ask questions that continue conversation) 3) language modeling strategies (label, expand, comment)

question

for parents of children with ASD who are at the _______

answer

early stages of communication development

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the content of the program is derived from studies of ______

answer

parent-child interactions that identify language facilitation strategies associated with development of communication skills

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PARTICIPANTS included:

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late-talking toddlers between 18-30 months preschool-age children with cognitive and developmental delays preschoolers with specific language impairments

question

participants in reports of MORE THAN WORDS included:

answer

children 15-25 months of age who met the criteria for a diagnosis of ASD children 24-48 months of age who had a diagnosis of ASD or whose social behavior had raised suspicions of possible ASD

question

parental participants usually included:

answer

well-educated middle-income families english speakers self-refer to program motivated to help child

question

why is this list of parental participant characteristics not good?

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not diverse enough. these parents are more likely to come because they think they need it and because they have the time and resources to commit to it, whereas there are many children who's parents do not have the resources to bring them to this program

question

extensive clinical experience has indicated that most parents are successful if they are

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motivated, have resources for child care and transportation, attend all (for most of) sessions, are willing to share their experience with other families

question

the theoretical basis of hanen program contains two explanations:

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1) adult language input that is gramatically one step ahead of the child may facilitate development (within the child's zone of proximal development) parents are taught to reduce complexity of their language by using: -shorter utterances -slower rate of speech -fewer utterances 2) the responsivity "language hypothesis" contingency between the child's utterance and the adult's adult's input: (a) reduce contextual ambiguities (b) provides redundancy (c) increases the self saliency of the input

question

what is the zone of proximal development

answer

the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help

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responsive language input is more easily processed and permits the child to

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redirect more cognitive resources for language learning

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social interactionist perspective

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focusing on the child within the family context

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family involvement is imortant : without it,

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intervention is likely to be unsuccessful, and what few effects are achieved are likely to disappear once the intervention is discontinued

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the ultimate goal of family-centered invertenion is ti

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build capatcity in parents so that they can support their child's social and communication development in everyday contexts **teach parents how to do this at home

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why is parent/caregiver involvement important?

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The child is at the home 80% of the time. if parents can learn how to do techniques, this will increase the child's language ability

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naturalistic approach:

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strategies that identify and use opportunities for learning that occur throughout the child's natural activities, routines, and interactions: follow the child's lead, and use natural consequences

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child initiated or child centered approach

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inherently more motivation and engaging fo the child when caregivers respond to child's initations, they help which leads to more communication

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IT TAKES TWO TO TALK and MORE THAN WORDS have the following four components

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1) an orientation meeting (w/parent) 2) a preprogram assessment for each child 3) a series of group sessions for parents ((sometimes it is more helpful for parents to talk to each other//actively participating in this program)) 4) three video feedback sessions

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a session is

answer

one hour and thirty minutes they have a total of thirty hours by the end

question

the mother and father-child interaction is _____

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videotaped for five minutes during free play the SLP records inventory of speech sounds, child's level of play, parents' interaction strategies, and keeps a record of child's communication abilities these observations form an informal baseline of child and parent behaviors

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orientation: parents obtain an introduction video

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1) information about the program 2) the commitment involved 3) their role in the intervention process -other parents describe the program's impact on their child's communication development -parents decide if they want to continue with the program. If so, they move on to the preprogram assessment.

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preprogram assessment: after the video-recorded play sessions, the clinician administer any informal or standardized assessment appropriate for the child

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finally, the Slp asks the parents their goals for their child (is the goal appropriate/realistic) goals are refined as the program progresses

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it takes two to talk: goals for children are always phrased in terms o the _____

answer

strategies the parent will use in order to facilitate the child's achiev

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pre-program assessment: after the video-recorded play sessions, the clinician administers any

answer

informal of standard assessment appropriate for the child

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finally, the SLP asks the parents their

answer

goals for the child. **note if goal is appropriate/realistic

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the SLP then provides

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direction regarding broad communication goals, based on the assessment results and preferences of the parents these goals are refined as the program progresses

question

It takes two to talk: goals for children are always phrased in terms of

answer

strategies the parent will use in order to facilitate the child's achievement of that goal. ex: if the child's goal is language initiation, the parent's goal will be "i will wait for my child to start an interaction using a single word" **silence is okay!!!!

question

the overall objectives of selecting intervention goals for parents are:

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facilitate positive reciprocal interactions encourage parents to use responsive language input that is well matched to their child's level of communication development

question

more than words: goals for children in this program are expressed ____

answer

the same way as in it takes two to talk: they are parent strategies that will be used to help the child achieve the goals

question

decision making within program components : after the preprogram assessments have been completed, the _____

answer

group sessions will begin

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both programs include three individual video feedback sessions that provide ongoing opportunities for the SLP to

answer

1) observe the parents 2) coach them as necessary 3) provide feedback on their strategy 4) adjust goals with the family's input 5) determine the impact of the program

question

what are the key components of hanen

answer

1) parent education 2) early language intervention 3) social support

question

parent education basic concepts about communication and language in relation to their child's disorder

answer

1) communication development 2) importance of nonverbal communication in the developmental process 3) what constitutes a turn in an interaction 4) difference between receptive and expressive

question

the basic concepts of parent education helps parents set

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realistic goals and helps them become more responsive to their child's communicative attempts

question

Early language intervention: parents learn

answer

many strategies to facilitate their child's social and communication development

question

if they are already using these strategies, ________ helps so that they maintain them

answer

self-awareness

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if these strategies are new to to parents, they need to

answer

learn to apply and integrate them into their daily interactions with their children

question

as an SLP, you are required

answer

to give this type of information to parents. number matters: school may not hear or pay attention to one parent, but a group of parents will most likely be heard

question

social support: has a direct positive influence on

answer

the well-being of the child and the family when a child has a disability families receive support from the SLP's, and from the other group members parents meet other parents in the program and are able to share their successes, frustrations, concerns and ideas (good/bad/ups and downs)

question

both programs consist of a series of ____________ group sessions for up to _______ families

answer

8 8

question

each group session includes:

answer

interactive presentation group discussion video analysis opportunities to practice

question

program schedule: group session format:

answer

review and discussion of application of program strategies in home activities (what they can do themselves at home) review of information from previous sessions presentation of new information, incuding new strategies opportunities to practice strategies with feedback and discussion a refreshment break planning for application of strategies at home

question

because intervention is implemented by parents, the SLP serves as an early language

answer

interventionist, adult educator, and coach/counselor

question

implement program strategies, evaluate which strategies are effective

answer

early language interventionist

question

help adult learners acquire new knowledge and skills, adapting teaching methods to accommodate their varying learning styles , slp introduces/demonstrates a new strategy and parents practice

answer

adult educator

question

coach and foster parents mastery of the program strategies provide specific, concise directions to parents

answer

coach

question

what is enhanced milieu teaching (EMT)

answer

a naturalistic, conversation based intervention strategy for teaching language and communication skills to children in the early stages of language development [MLU < 3.5]

question

efficacy and effectiveness has been shown for children with:

answer

cognitive delays language delays ASD down syndrome high risk from low-income

question

exploratory trials determine whether an intervention produces the expected result under ideal circumstances

answer

efficacy

question

pragmatic trials measure the degree of beneficial effect under "real world" clinical settings

answer

effectiveness

question

efficacy and effectiveness exist on a ________

answer

continuum

question

what are the 6 main strategies

answer

1) environmental arrangement 2) responsive interaction 3) target-level language 4) expansion 5) time-delays 6) milieu prompting

question

EMT is a _______ model

answer

hybrid **diagram of circles

question

what are the four communication goals of EMT

answer

1) increasing frequency of communication 2) enhancing diversity of utterances 3) strengthening complexity of speech 4) improving independent and generalized use across contexts

question

for children who have varying levels of communication delays:

answer

have at least 10 productive words have MLU's between 1.0-3.5

question

specifically effective for children with

answer

cognitive delays, SLI, ASD, Down Syndrome, and Severe disabilities

question

modifications of EMT

answer

EMT+AAC (e.g. signs) EMT+ Phonological analysis EMT+ speech

question

theoretical basis:

answer

1) behavior theory 2) developmental theory 3) social-interaction theory (+emphasis on parents as language teachers)

question

the antecedent behavior-consequence creates instructional opportunities from which children can learn new lanuage skills.

answer

behavior theory -antecedent stimuli ( models, mands, time delays) - child's responses -consequence(feedback,positive/negative)

question

________________________ plays an important role in the behavior theory

answer

reinforcement. increases the frequency with which children make communicative responses provides differential feedback for more effective and appropriate target language forms

question

developmental sequential for semantic adn syntactic forms

answer

developmental theory (brown's stages) specific lexical items (nouns, verbs, modifiers)

question

the specific examples taught in the developmental theory are those tht are

answer

immediately functional to the child's environment

question

language learning through meaningful communicative interactions, particularly between child/caregiver

answer

social interactionism theory

question

EMT emphasizes reciprocity, turn taking, following the child's lead in play and conversation, semantically contingent feedback, and expansions of child's utterance to

answer

model more forms

question

parents as language teachers

answer

4) involvement of caregivers

question

mothers could be taught to apply milieu teaching and positive effect on children's acquisition of new vocabulary, early syntactic/semantic forms, appropriate use of requests

answer

milieu

question

parents learned to use the procedures in the clinic and generalized it

answer

responsive interaction

question

increase child use of language targets (at home) increase child frequency of communication generalization across settings, people, and language concepts maintenance of newly learned targets

answer

Enhanced milieu teaching

question

past research studies have investigated the effects of

answer

naturalistic language interventions

question

how many approaches have been developed and tested for naturalistic language interventions:

answer

5 milieu teachin g responsive interaction EMT blended EMT and behavior intervention blended EMT and JASPER

question

what does JASPER stand for

answer

J- joint A-attention S-symbolic P-play E-engagement R-regulation

question

-receptive/expressive vocabulary, MLU vocab diversity)

answer

pre and post standardized test

question

SALT, systematic analysis of language transcripts

answer

naturalistic language samples

question

total utterance, spontaneous utterance, total target language, elicited target language, turn taking, MLU, lexical diversity

answer

session-by-session observation

question

generate lists of examples for targets ex: agent-action target: I/we/you race, car rolls, car stops, car goes, i/you push, car crashes, we crashes

answer

target

question

skills with parents:

answer

1) use of positive examples 2) coaching and feedback 3) using video examples of other parents or role-playing (role of SLP and child)

question

require good adult interaction skills, a conecptual understanding of the purpose of EMT, the ability to problem-solve, the ability to give precise feedback about parent behavior

answer

effective feedback and coaching

question

takes parents about ____-

answer

20 individual sessions with practice and feedback **depending on the parent's entry skills, the child's communication level, and the challenges the child presents **clinic, parents' home, child care centers, and schools

question

children are not present for this --practice sessions teaching-model-coach-review model

answer

interactive workshops 45 min to one hour ten min reviewing --15 min modeling --15 min coaching --10 min feedback help parents plan for interactions at home, brief homework assignments always end with summary level positive feedback to parents about their progress

question

selecting materials in environmental arrangement

answer

1) select high preference and interesting to the child 2) select roys with multiple parts (e.g. mr potato head) 3) select toys that require assistance opening (playdough) 4) select toys that will alow you to take turns with your child 5) consider the child's play level (not too low/not too high)

question

arranging materials

answer

1) allow the child to have access to multiple basic materials (e.g. two snack options) 2) toys in child's view but out of reach 3) keep add ons in containers

question

managing materials

answer

1) be a gatekeeper, place yourself between your child and the material (to promote requesting) 2) be creative by mixing toys 3) promote turn-takking (e.g. SLP and your child have materials 4) promote routines (eg. building a tower, crashing it, rebuilding **remember to have fun

question

responding to all child communication

answer

responsiveness

question

when looking for responsiveness, you should notice

answer

all forms of child communication (simple gestures, vocalizations to word approximations and speech etc.)

question

in judging responsiveness, you should try to

answer

mirror the child's play actions and to map language onto the shared play (e.g.-if the child is driving a car, the adult will drive a car alongside and say "we drive!")

question

where should the target language you select be?

answer

at the child's target level MLU for half communication and slightly longer than the child's MLU (+1.5) for 1/2 if the child vocalizes while rolling out playdough, "roll" or "roll the playdough" be natural and grammatically correct.

question

current spontaneous performance as it relates to target level : 0-50 words: 50-100 words: spontaneous 2 word phrases

answer

1 word utterance (noun, verb) 2 word utterance (agent-action, action-object, modifier-noun) 3 word utterance (agent-action-object, action-object-location)

question

repeating child's utterance and adding new information

answer

expansions **most powerful strategy to increase diversity of language

question

what percent of adult communication is expansions?

answer

40-50%

question

child turn as it relates to adult expansions (point to ball) "ba" "ball" "my ball"

answer

ball Ball roll the vall (action-object) my ball (modifier-noun) my ball rolls (modifier-noun-action)

question

a pause with an expectant look is called a

answer

time delay

question

if the child does not respond to a time delay

answer

will continue playing and not require communication search for another opportunity

question

strategy as it relates to description of time delay pause in routine visual choice assistance inadequate portion

answer

after two to three repetitions in a routine, pause with an expectant look (about five seconds) hold up two items provide an activity that they need assistance (toy in a jar maybe??) provide less than needed (ex: a small ball of playdough, only a few blocks)

question

what are the four milieu teaching prompts

answer

1) modeling 2) mand-model procedure 3) time-delay procedure 4) incidental teaching

question

includes a question in the verbal prompt by the adult (what the kid wants at the moment he or she wants it)

answer

mand-model procedure

question

how do you do a mand-model procedure?

answer

a prompt for communicative response: what do you want? what are you painting? an instruction to verbalize preference or give information -tel mommy what you want. tell me when you are ready an opportunity to indicate a choice -do you want milk or tea?

question

mand is a term that B.F. skinner used to describe a

answer

request

question

prompts child to imitate modeled language response

answer

model procedure

question

in the model procedure, the response is

answer

functional for the child: assess to reinforce-positive/functional

question

the model procedure begins with

answer

say make the prompt clear adult waits for response

question

if child is not responding to model procedure,

answer

present the model a second time, then move on

question

A: which one? C: reaches A: say give horse C: give horse A give me horse C: give horse A: give me more horse c: give me more A: say more horse c: more horse this conversation is an example of

answer

mand-model procedure

question

C: x A: say i roll C: i roll A: i roll marbles C: reaches for marbles A say more marbles C: more marble A: more marbles C: marbles in track A: marbles roll C: me some A: say marbles go C Marble go this conversation is an example of

answer

model procedure

question

what model is utilized when all interactions are initiate by the child

answer

incidental teaching

question

what are the three components of incidental teaching

answer

arrange the environment child verbally or nonverbally requests materials SLP responds by moedling, manding, or delaying

question

incidental teaching is only used when

answer

the child has made a request

Language and Literacy chapter 2 : Hanen program/milieu teaching – Flashcards

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