question

Occupation

answer

Daily life activities in which people engage, including activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living, sleep and rest, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation. Occupations are those meaningful activities that give one a sense of identity

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Therapy

answer

treatment of a physical or mental illness

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Goal

answer

End toward which effort is directed

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Activity

answer

State of doing things that requires movement or energy (being active) Ex: Cooking is an activity associated with the occupation of being a mother

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Independence

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State of being self-reliant, not requiring or relying on something else or others

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Occupational Therapy

answer

Therapy based on engagement in meaningful activities of daily life (such as self-care skills, education, work, or social interaction), especially to enable or to encourage participation in such activities despite impairments or limitations in physical or mental functioning

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Occupational Performance

answer

The ability to carry out activities of daily life and one's occupations that result from the interaction among the client, the context, and the activity

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Purposeful Activity

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An activity used during intervention that is goal-directed and typically involves an end product

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Occupational Therapy Practitioner

answer

refers to two different levels of clinicians: Occupational Therapist or an Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA)

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Function

answer

Action for which a person is fit; the ability to perform

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Tasks

answer

refer to the basic units of action Ex: mixing the batter is a task associated with cooking

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Occupation: Gardening Activity: Weeding

answer

Beth loves to garden. She loves to spend time picking out plants, designing layouts, and caring for the garden. However, she does not enjoy weeding on hot, summer days; she sees it as a chore. What is Beth's occupation and activity?

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When to use the term "patient"

answer

in hospitals or rehabilitation settings

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When to use the term "client"

answer

when working in a mental health facility or community center

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Both OT and OTA educational programs have to be accredited by ACOTE. What does ACOTE stand for?

answer

Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education

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Preparatory activities

answer

help the client get ready for the purposeful activity. Ex: range of motion (moving the limbs through a range), exercise, strengthening, or stretching

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Contrived Activities

answer

made up activities that may include some of the same skills required for the occupation. These activities are used to help simulate the actual activity and may help get the client ready Ex: A client may work on tying shoes by using a doll to simulate this activity before actually tying her own shoes. Ex: A client may practice the components required to spread jelly before actually preparing a sandwich for lunch.

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media

answer

the objects and materials the practitioner uses to facilitate change Ex: games, toys, acticities, dressing or self-care activities, work activities, arts, crafts, computers, industrial activities, sports, music and dance, role-playing and theater, yoga, gardening, homemaking activities, magic, pet care, and creative writing

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Moral treatment

answer

the philosophy that all people, even the most challenged, are entitled to consideration and human compassion

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Two men who are credited with conceiving the moral treatment

answer

Phillipe Pinel and William Tuke

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First physician to institute the moral treatment in the US

answer

Benjamin Rush

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arts and crafts movement

answer

John Ruskin and William Morris

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What did the arts and crafts movement believe?

answer

They believed that using one's hands to make items connected to people to their work, physically and mentally, and thus was healthier

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William Rush Dunton

answer

Responsible for the origination of the term "occupation therapy" Considered "The Father of Occupational Therapy" In the early 1910s, Dunton helped the Sheppard Asylum (where Dunton worked) introduce a regimen of crafts for its patients. In 1915, Dunton published Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses, which describes simple activities that a nurse can use or adapt in the treatment in patients

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George Barton

answer

Changed the term from "occupation therapy" to "occupational therapy" In 1914, Barton opened the Consolation House for convalescent patients in Clifton Springs, NY, where occupation, in the form of arts and crafts was used as a method of treatment

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Herbert Hall

answer

a physician who adapted the arts and crafts movement for medical purposes In 1904, Hall established a facility at Marblehead Massachusetts, where patients with neurasthenia worked on arts and crafts as a part of treatment

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Eleanor Clarke Slagle

answer

"The Mother of Occupational Therapy" In 1912 shw was asked to direct a new OT department at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic of Johns Hopkins Hospital Habit Training: a "re-education" program designed to overcome disorganized habits, to modify other habits and to construct new ones, with the goal of restoring and maintaining health Organized the first professional OT school, the Henry B Favill School of Occupations

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NSPOT

answer

National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy

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AOTA

answer

American Occupational Therapy Association

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Susan Tracy

answer

nursing instructor involved in the arts and crafts movement and in the training of nurses in the use of occupations Studies in Invalid Occupations: The first well known book about OT

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Susan Cox Johnson

answer

an advocate for high educational standards and for the training of competent practitioners versus the training of large numbers of practitioners

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Thomas Kidner

answer

Influential in establishing a presence for OT in vocational rehabilitation and tuberculosis treatment

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March 15, 1917

answer

The formal "birth" of the profession of OT Produced the Certificate of Incorporation of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy in Clifton Springs, NY

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OT Founders (6 People)

answer

George Barton, William Dunton, Eleanor Clark Slagle, Susan Cox Johnson, and Thomas Kidner

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September 1917,

answer

26 men and women held the first annual meeting of the organization

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Adolf Meyer

answer

a Swiss physician who was committed to a holistic perspective and developed the psychobiological approach to mental illness In 1921, at the 5th annual meeting of the NSPOT, Meyer delivered the keynote address, "The Philosophy of Occupational Therapy" which was later published in 1922 in the NSPOT Journal

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World War I

answer

because of all of the injuries, it created a need for reconstruction aides who served to influence the profession

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The Smith-Sears Veterans Rehabilitation Act of 1918 or The Soldier's Rehabilitation Act

answer

established a program of vocational rehabilitation for soldiers disabled on active duty

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Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act

answer

provides federal funds to states on a 50-50 matching basis to provide vocational rehabilitation services to civilians with physical disabilities

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the great depression

answer

It slowed the development of OT, bringing department closures and reductions of OT staff positions. Schools closed and membership in the NSPOT (now known as AOTA) decreased.

question

IN 1921, members voted to change the name of the NSPOT. What did they change the name to?

answer

American Occupational Therapy Association

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1st OT standards

answer

Minimum Standards for Courses of Training in Occupational Therapy adopted by the AOTA in 1923

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What is the AMA?

answer

American Medical Association

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Deinstitutionalism

answer

The discovery of neuroleptic drugs in the mid 1950s controlled psychotic behavior and it became possible to discharge many people which led to a national plan to release clients

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Rehabilitation Movement Years

answer

1942-1960

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Hill-Burton Act

answer

assisted states in determining what hospitals and health care facilities were needed and provided grants to states to construct facilities

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Medicare

answer

enacted in 1965 - it increased the demand for OT services

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What is AOTF and when was it founded and why?

answer

The American Occupational Therapy Foundation was founded in 1965 to promote research in OT through financial support

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The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

answer

emphasized priority service for persons with the most severe disabilities and mandated that state agencies establish an order of selection that would place the most severely disabled person for service first. Every client accepted for services was mandated to participate in the service-planning process by completing an individualized written rehabilitation program specifying the client's vocational goal and key supporting objectives, such as physical restoration, counseling, educational preparation, work adjustment, and vocational training. Led to the development of a set of standards by which the impact of rehabilitation services could be assessed. Emphasized the need for rehabilitation research Included civil rights provisions that gave equal opportunity for people with disabilities

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

answer

This act establishes the right of all children to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition

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Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act

answer

passed in 1986 as an amendment to the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. It extends the provision to include children from 3-5 years of age and initiates new early intervention programs for children from birth to 3 years of age

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Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilites Act of 1988

answer

addresses the availability of assistive technology devices and services to individuals with disabilities.

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Social Security Amendments

answer

established the foundation for the Medicare and Medicaid programs

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Prospective Payment System (PPS)

answer

a nationwide schedule was established to delegate what the government would pay for each inpatient stay of a Medicare beneficiary.

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Dr. Gary Kielhofner

answer

developed the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) as a graduate student Dr. Kielhofner provided the profession with evidence to support occupation based practice and tools to evaluate clients

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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

answer

The ADA provides civil rights to all individuals with disabilities. It guarantees equal access to and opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

answer

IDEA requires school districts to educate students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment OT practitioners' role in schools increased dramatically as a result of this law

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Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA)

answer

was a way to reduce Medicare spending, create incentives for the development of managed care plans, encourage enrollment in managed care plans, and limit fee-for-service payment and programs

question

Patient Protections and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) also known as ObamaCare

answer

signed on March 23, 2010 created to address the rising cost of healthcare, shortage of healthcare providers, and lack of insurance available to many Americans

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vision

answer

leads the future direction of a profession or an organization

question

centennial vision

answer

"We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society's occupational needs"

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What important change is occuring after July 2027?

answer

Students will be required to maintain a doctorate before being able to practice

question

professional philosophy

answer

the set of values, beliefs, truths, and principles that guide the education, practice, and scholarship of the profession. OT philosophy defines the nature of the profession, guides the actions of practitioners, and supports the profession's domains.

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Metaphysics

answer

nature of humankind and addresses how humans engage, organize their life, and find meaning and interact with others

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Epistemology

answer

related to the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge and investigates such questions as "how do we know things?" and "how do we know what we know?"

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Axiology

answer

concerned with the study of values

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What type of approach does US health car systems tend to use?

answer

reductionistic

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reductionistic approach

answer

where humankind is reduced to separate functioning body parts

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Holistic approach

answer

maintains that a person is whole- an interaction of biological, psychological, sociocultural, and spiritual elements. If any element is affected, a disruption or disturbance will be reflected throughout the whole

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Active beings

answer

People are actively invilved in conrolling and determining their own behavior and are capable of changing behavior AS DESIRED

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role

answer

a pattern of behavior that involves certain rights and duties that an individual is expected, trained, and encouraged to perform in a particular social situation

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Occupations as a means

answer

the use of a specific occupation to bring about a change in the clients performance

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Occupations as an end

answer

the desired outcome or product of intervention and it is derived from the person's values, experiences, and culture

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adaptation

answer

a change in function that promotes survival and self-actualization

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client-centered approach

answer

only the client can determine his or her quality of life and he or her must explain to the practitioner to help them understand their experience

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humanism

answer

a belief that the client should be treated as a person and not an object

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Altruism

answer

the unselfish concern for the welfare of others

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equality

answer

treating all individuals equally with an attitude of fairness and impartiality, and respecting each other's beliefs, values, and lifestyles in day-to-day interactions

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freedom

answer

an individual's right to exercise choice and to "demonstrate independence initiative, and self-direction"

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justice

answer

the need for all OT practitioners to abide by laws that govern the practice and to respect the legal rights of the client

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truthfulness

answer

a value demonstrated through behavior that is accountable, honest, and accurate, and that maintains one's professional competence

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prudence

answer

the ability to demonstrate sound judgement, care, and discretion

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Occupational therapy aide

answer

does not recieve special training before working in the field; rather, OT aides recieve on-the-job training aides also provide supportive services to the occupational therapist and the OTA

question

service competency

answer

refers to the occupational therapist and OTA performing a skill in the same way and obtaining the same result when measuring a client's performance

question

What does ACOTE regulate?

answer

regulates entry-level education for both occupational therapist and OTA since 1935

question

accreditation

answer

the educational program meets the minimal education standards recommended by the profession and the school has received formal approval by ACOTE

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fieldwork

answer

practical experience

question

level I fieldwork

answer

is completed concurrently with academic coursework; it involves observation and participation in selected aspects of the OT process. helps introduce the student to the profession and to learn from the practitioners

question

level II fieldwork

answer

hands-on clinical experiences that are designed to provide students with in-depth experiences in delivering OT services with supervision must complete a minimum of 24 weeks at a full time level II fieldwork position

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What does OTD mean?

answer

Doctor of Occupational Therapy

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certification

answer

the acknowledgement that an individual has the qualifications to be an entry level practitioner

question

NBCOT

answer

National Board for Certification in Occupation Therapy They administer the certification exam

question

How long is the certification exam and what subjects are on it?

answer

4 hours long covers evaluation and intervention for all areas of practice, ethics, delivery systems, and basic principles

question

What are the correct professional designations that an OT or an OTA can use after they pass the certification exam?

answer

Occupational Therapist- OTR Occupational Therapy Assistant - COTA

question

licensure laws

answer

provide a legal definition of OT and then domain of the OT practice that differentiates it from other professions

question

apply for state licensure

answer

After a student graduates from an accredited school and passes the NBCOT exam, what are they able to do now?

question

professional roles

answer

the positions or sets of stipulated job-related responsibilities

question

relationship

answer

the connection of different roles to one another

question

career development

answer

the process of advancing within the service delivery path or transitioning into a role outside of service delivery

question

Entry-level practitioner

answer

professional activities related to the role as defined by state licensure laws

question

Intermediate-level practitioner

answer

has increased responsibility and typically pursues specialization in a particular area of practice

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Advanced - level practitioner

answer

considered an expert or a resource in the respective role. Advanced level practitioners gain knowledge and expertise through practice and education

question

case managers

answer

work with a variety of practitioners to provide resources and organize the complexity of intervention. They help families and clients receive services and equipment needed

question

What does a consultant do?

answer

provides specific information regarding a requested topic or issue

question

What is the role of an activity director?

answer

They are responsible for planning, implementing, and documenting an ongoing program of activities that meet the needs of the residents. Usually found in group-homes and long term care facilities

question

maintenance activities

answer

provide opportunities for the individual to maintain physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual health

question

empowering activities

answer

geared toward promoting self respect, and they offer opportunities for self-expression, personal responsibility, and social responsibility

question

supervision

answer

"a cooperative process in which two or more people participate in a joint effort to establish, maintain, and/or elevate a level of competence and performance

question

direct supervision

answer

where the supervising occupational therapist is on-site and available to provide immediate assistance to the client or supervisee if needed

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close supervision

answer

the need for direct, daily contact at the work site

question

Routine supervision

answer

involves direct contact at least every two weeks, with interim supervision as needed. Telecommunication is allowed

question

general supervision

answer

at least monthly face-to-face contact. Telecommunication is allowed

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non-client related tasks

answer

include the preparation of the work area and equipment, clerical tasks, and maintenance activities

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client-related tasks

answer

where the aide interacts with the client but not as the primary service provider of OT

question

multidisciplinary team

answer

a variety of disciplines or professions that work together in a common setting

question

transdisciplinary team

answer

involves members who cross over professional boundaries and share rules and functions

question

interdisciplinary team

answer

maintain their own professional roles while using a cooperative approach that is interactive and centered on a common problem to solve

question

interprofessional team approach

answer

various disciplines meet and plan the overall care of the client and maintain an awareness of the client's needs, responses, and goals

question

continuing competence

answer

a dynamic process that involves many factors in which the professional develops and maintains the knowledge, performance skills, interpersonal abilities, therapeutic reasoning skills and ethical reasoning skills necessary to perform his or her professional responsibilities

question

professional development

answer

Organizing and personally managing a cumulative series of work and education and work experiences to add to one's knowledge, motivation, perspectives, skills, and job performance

question

Professional Development Tool

answer

What did the AOTA develop to facilitate the process of organizing professional activities?

question

In what areas does the AOTA provide specialty certification in?

answer

driving and community mobility; environmental modification; feeding, eating, and swallowing; and low vision

question

The AOTA offers board certification in what areas?

answer

Gerontology, mental health, pediatrics, and physical rehabilitation

question

at least 5,000 hours in the last 7 calendar years

answer

To apply for board certification, how many minimum hours does an occupational therapist have to have in that specification area?

question

CHT

answer

The American Society of Hand Therapists certifies individuals who pass the exam. What is the professional delegation allowed to use after a name after one becomes certified in hand therapy?

question

Morals

answer

related to character and behavior from the point of view of right and wrong

question

ethics

answer

the study and philosophy of human conduct

question

Law

answer

"a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority"

question

Clinical Reasoning

answer

involves clinical understanding the client's diagnoses, strengths, weaknesses, prognosis, and goals. Practitioners use clinical reasoning to develop and provide interventions to address goals and make necessary adaptions

question

code of ethics

answer

provides direction to members of a profession from mandatory behavior and protects the rights of clients, subjects, their significant others, and the general public

question

beneficence

answer

the OT practitioner will contribute to good health and welfare of the client The principle highlights the need for OT practitioners to 1. treat each client fairly and equitably 2. advocate for recipients to obtain needed services 3. promote public health and safety and well-being 4. charge fees that are reasonable and commensurate with the services provided

question

nonmalefience

answer

means that the practitioner should not inflict harm on the client

question

autonomy

answer

the freedom to decide and the freedom to act

question

confidentiality

answer

refers to the expectation that information is being shared by the client with the OT practitioner, either directly or through written or electronic forms, will be kept private and shared only with those directly involved

question

informed consent

answer

refers to the "knowledgeable and voluntary agreement by which a client undergoes intervention that is in accord with the patient's values and preferences"

question

Justice

answer

the obligation to comply with the laws and regulations that guide the profession. The OT practitioner must be aware of and follow federal, state, and local laws, in addition to institutional policies.

question

Veracity

answer

refers to the duty of health care professional to tell the truth. OT practitioners must accuratley represent their qualifications, education, training, and competence. Practitioners may not use any form of false advertising or exaggerated claims

question

fidelity

answer

faithfulness in professional relationships describes the interactions between OT practitioners and their colleagues. They must treat clients, colleagues, and other professionals with respect, fairness, and integrity.

question

ethical distress

answer

challenge how a practitioner maintains his or her integrity or the integrity of the profession. It involves feelings that something is amiss and often signifies the need to work through the ethical decision making process

question

ethical dilemma

answer

a situation in which two or more ethical principles collide with one another, making it difficult to determine the best action.

question

locus of authority

answer

require decisions about who should be the primary decision maker.

question

statutes

answer

laws that are enacted by the legislative branch of a government

question

regulations

answer

describe in specific terms how in the intent of the law will be carried out

question

mandatory reporting

answer

requires that certain professionals, including health care providers, report suspected child abuse. Any healthcare professional who fails to report suspected abuse may be criminally liable

question

licensure

answer

the most stringent form of regulation is "the process by which a government agency grants permission to an individual to engage in a given occupation upon finding that the applicant has attained the minimal degree of competence required to ensure that the public health, safety, and welfare will be reasonably protected."

question

professional association

answer

exists to protect and promote the profession it represents by 1. providing a communication network and channel for information 2. regulating itself through the development and enforcement of standards of conduct and performance 3. guarding the interests of those in the profession

question

WFOT

answer

World Federation of Occupational Therapists promote and advocate for OT and establish minimum educational standards for member countries

question

WFOT

answer

established in 1952 to help OT practitioners access international information, engage in international exchange, and promote organizations of OT in schools in countries where none exists

question

COOL

answer

The Coordinated Online Opportunities for Leadership the database was developed to encourage membership participation at a variety of levels

question

ASCOTA

answer

The American Student Committee of the Occupational Therapy Association a standing committee of the executive board of the AOTA. This standing committee provides feedback to AOTA regarding student issues

question

APHOTA

answer

Asian/Pacific Heritage Occupational Therapy Association

question

NBOTC

answer

National Black Occupational Therapy Caucus

question

NOTPD

answer

Network of the Occupational Therapy Practitioners with Disabilities and Their Supporters

question

OTNA

answer

Occupational Therapy Network for Native Americans

question

OJOTC

answer

Orthodox Jewish Occupational Therapy Chavrusa

question

CCCPD

answer

Continuing Competence and Professional Development

question

AJOT

answer

American Journal of Occupational Therapy distributed monthly to all AOTA members

question

AOTPAC

answer

The American Occupational Therapy Political Action Committee furthers the legislative aims of the profession by attempting to influence the selection, nomination, election, or appointment of persons to public office

question

AOTF

answer

The American Occupational Therapy Foundation a national organization designated to advance the science of OT and increase public understanding of the value of OT

question

Theraputic relationship

answer

the interaction between an OT and a client key for facilitating the healing and rehabilitation process

question

Universal Stages of Loss

answer

denial anger bargaining depression acceptance

question

theraputic use of self

answer

the process of using one's interactions for the benefit of another is referred to as the "art of relating"

question

self-awareness

answer

refers to knowing one's own true nature is the ability to recognize one's behavior, emotional responses, and effect created on others

question

Ideal self

answer

what an individual would like to be if free of the demands of the mundane reality

question

percieved self

answer

the aspect of self that others see without the benefits of knowing a person's intentions, motivations, and limitations

question

real self

answer

a blending of the internal and external worlds involving intention and action, plus environmental awareness. The real self includes the feelings, strengths, and limitations of the person, in addition to the reality in which the person exists

question

empathy

answer

the ability to place oneself in another person's position and understand the other's experience

question

What kinds of communication do practitioners use to talk to clients

answer

verbal and nonverbal

question

plain language

answer

refers to language that is understood by "laypeople" (ex: those not familiar with or educated in health-care environment). Typically, professionals suggest using a sixth-grade level of language to communicate with others

question

Nonverbal communication

answer

includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, and body language

question

active listening

answer

the practitioner actively listens to the client without making judgement, jumping in with advice, or providing defensive replies

question

restatement

answer

when using this, the receiver of the message (the practitioner) repeats the words of the speaker (the client) as they are heard

question

reflection

answer

is a response wherein the purpose is to "express in words the feelings and attitudes sensed behind the words of the sender."

question

Clarification

answer

During this, the client's thoughts and feelings are summarized or simplified helps the client look closer at the thoughts and feelings experienced

question

tasks groups

answer

OT's can lead these. They can be categorized as therapeutic, peer support, focus, and consultation and supervision

question

Group dynamics

answer

refers to the interactions between members based on personalities and relationships

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