question

pathology

answer

study of the nature and cause of disease or condition produced by disease

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lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in women

answer

1 + 8

question

blank in blank women with breast cancer die from the disease

answer

1 + 35

question

the six different types of tissues of the breast

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milk producing glands called lobuled, Ducts fatty tissue connective tissue blood vessels and lymph vessels

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most common location for breast cancer is where

answer

lining of the ducts

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breast cancer risk at the age of 70

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1 + 27

question

breast cancer risk at the age of 20

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1 + 1760

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clinical signs

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based on are characterized by observable symptoms of the disease for example change in size shape or condition of the breasts

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localized signs of breast cancer

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masses microcalcifications architectural Distortion and asymmetry all seen on the mammo

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what type of discharge could be a sign of breast cancer of the

answer

bloody

question

well circumscribed

answer

abnormality with clear distinct borders and confined to a specific area

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lobulated

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Mass made up of many parts giving the appearance of several divided structures

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asymmetry

answer

condition in one breast contains an area of more pronounced or sometimes they can breast tissue compared to the other can be benign or malignant

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spiculated

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Mass nodule or lump or density with irregular borders and appear Starburst in shaped usually a Hallmark sign of breast cancer

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architectural distortion

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changes in a normal appearance of breast structures distorted on a mammogram spiculations radiating from a point in focal retraction or Distortion of the edge of the breast parenchyma

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microcalcifications

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small deposits of calcium or other minerals

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amorphous microcalcifications

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they left a parent shape or organization or have no apparent crystalline form

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pleomorphic microcalcifications

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more conspicuous typically less than 0.5 mm in diameter

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dermal calcifications

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form in the skin Lucent Center polygonal shape and peripherally located cluster only visible on one projection can form in a line

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milk of calcium

answer

teacup sign refers to calcifications cup like appearance when Imaging

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macro calcifications

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larger than .5 mm describe larger and course in appearance occurs in older women

question

extremely dense breast tissue is typically how much percent fibro glandular tissue

answer

75% fibroglandular tissue

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heterogeneous Lee dense breast is between what and what percent fibro glandular tissue

answer

50% and 75% fibro glandular tissue

question

a brush that is blank to blank percent fibroglandular tissue is described as scattered fibroglandular densities

answer

25 to 50% fibro glandular tissue

question

a breast that is almost entirely fatty tissue will have what percent of fibro glandular tissue

answer

25% fibro glandular tissue

question

lobular involution

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when glandular tissue is replaced by fatty tissue results in a breast composed entirely of fatty tissue

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three categories of benign breast lesions

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non proliferative proliferative without atypia and proliferative lesions with atypia or atypical hyperplasia

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examples of non proliferative lesions

answer

breast cysts are examples of what

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proliferative lesions without atypia

answer

show excessive growth cells in lobular or ducts of the breast tissue slight increased risk for breast cancer examples are sclerosing adenosis multiple papillomas and radio scars

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proliferative lesions with atypia

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higher breast cancer risk two types atypical ductal hyperplasia atypical lobular hyperplasia

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fibroadenoma

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benign tumor or mass usually composed of stromal and epithelial tissues appear circumscribed oval or round in shape can contain coarse calcification occur in premenopausal women

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cyst

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close sack that has distinct membrane fluid filled ultrasound is often used to verify the presence of fluid

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galactocele

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benign cyst like Mass with a Nebraska can teens milk or milky fluid typically associated with recent lactation and breastfeeding

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lipoma

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benign tumor or mass composed of fatty tissue slow-growing rarely cause painful soft somewhat rubbery in are Mobile on palpation

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intraductal papilloma

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benign tumor resulting from an overgrowth of epithelial or connective tissue a wart like growth that occurs in breast ducts can be palpated feels like lumps under the nipple

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Harmarthoma

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benign tumor like growth consisting of disorganized mixture of cells soft slow growing non palpable Mass usually in women older than 35 well circumscribed fat containing masses

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hematoma

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build-up of blood in an injured area of breast can appear as well defined avoid Mass with relatively sharp margins

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fat necrosis

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death of living tissue or death of a portion of tissue can be caused by irradiation dr. at Asia chronic mastitis or breast trauma can appear as cluster of microcalcifications a lipid cyst or focal Mass rounded density with Central fact that is surrounded by structure resembling an eggshell

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abscess

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local accumulation of pus that is caused by an infection benign Mass feels mobile edge of the mass is typically regular and well-defined can look very similar clinically to inflammatory breast cancer exhibiting skin thickening

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radial scar

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proliferative breast lesion that contains the central core can mimic architectural Distortion and possibly invasive carcinoma

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ductal ectasia

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widening of the milk ducts also referred to as periductal mastitis plasma cell mastitis found around the sub areolar region can cause nipple retraction nipple discharge or palpable Mass usually occurs in women that that are perimenopausal or postmenopausal can appear as needle-like tubular or cyst like shapes

question

amyloidosis

answer

associated with extracellular deposits of various and soluble proteins forms primary secondary and familial primary or idiopathic is most common older patients have suspicious painless and solitary firm Mass can be seen as a regular or spiculated Mass or irregular an amorphous microcalcifications

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Wegener granulomatosis

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characterized by necrotizing tissue that is chronically inflamed can mimic malignancy on a mammogram because of a regularly shaped high-density masses

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systemic lupus erythematosus

answer

autoimmune disease rarely involving a breast but when it does it's called lupus and Ice Titus

question

sarcoidosis

answer

involves lungs eyes and mucus skeletal system on a mammogram visualize as an irregular ill-defined or spiculated mass suspicious for malignancy

question

lymph node

answer

rounded Mass surrounded by capsule of connective tissue can contain fatty loosen area that is visible on a mammogram

question

Sentinel node

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first node in which the two more drains most likely to contain a cancer cells if it has spread

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stage 0 cancer

answer

non-invasive or in situ

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stage 1 cancer

answer

the stage indicates there is no evidence of cancer cells spreading beyond the local area or vision is early and microscopic very small mass of 2 to cm

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stage 2 cancer

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this stage the Cancer's are larger in size typically shown signs of spread to nearby lymph nodes can include cancer is a larger than 5 Centimeters but have not spread to lymph nodes Surgical and radiation therapy options

question

stage 3 cancer

answer

more complexed three subcategories

question

stage 3A

answer

this stage the tumor has spread to multiple axillary lymph nodes or internal memory lymph nodes and the nodes are fixed to one another

question

stage 3B

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assigned to a lesion of any size involves the tissues near the skin and chest muscle in may have spread to lymph nodes and inflammatory breast cancer is included in the stage

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stage 3C

answer

includes breast tumors of any size cancers that have spread to the clavicular lymph nodes may have also spread to internal mammory lymph nodes

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stage 4 cancer

answer

this stage of cancer indicates distance metastasize detected usually spread to lungs liver or brain or bones highest mortality rate

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tnm

answer

further classification of breast cancer tumor size lymph nodes involved and where whether there is a distant metastasize

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TX

answer

this tumor classification indicates the primary tumor cannot be assessed

question

t0

answer

this tumor classification indicates that there is no evidence of a tumor

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T is

answer

this tumor classifications means it's an in situ to cancer such as dcis are non invasive Paget's disease

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T1

answer

this tumor classification is used when a tumor is 2 cm or smaller at its greatest dimension

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T2

answer

this tumor classification is for a tumor that measures 225 cm

question

T3

answer

this tumor classification indicates a tumor larger than 5 cm

question

T4

answer

this tumor classification describes a tumor of any size that extends to the chest wall or skin

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NX

answer

this lymph node classification indicates the lymph nodes cannot be assessed for an example lymph nodes were previously removed

question

n0

answer

this no classification indicates that the cancer has not spread to local Regional lymph nodes

question

N1

answer

this no classification is used to describe cancer that has spread to the movable ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

question

N2

answer

this no classification indicates that cancer has spread to ipsilateral lymph nodes or ipsilateral internal mammory nodes

question

N3

answer

this new classification indicates cancer has spread to certain levels or combination of ipsilateral internal memory lymph nodes ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes or ipsilateral infraclavicular lymph nodes

question

m0

answer

indicates there's no evidence of distance metastasize to other organs

question

cm0 I +

answer

used to indicate microscopically detective tumor cells in the body blood bone marrow or distant nodal tissue

question

M1

answer

used to describe distance metastasize to other organs have been detected

question

bi-rads

answer

breast Imaging reporting and data system a standardized breast cancer diagnosis and Reporting

question

bi-rads category 0

answer

this bi-rads category needs additional Imaging evaluation

question

bi-rads category 1

answer

this bi-rads category is negative

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bi-rads Category 2

answer

this bi-rads category has a benign finding

question

bi-rads Category 3

answer

this bi-rads category probably has a benign finding short interval follow-up is suggested

question

bi-rads category 4

answer

this bi-rads category has a suspicious abnormality biopsy should be considered

question

bi-rads Category 5

answer

this fire rides category has a highly suggestive of malignancy appropriate action should be taken

question

inflammatory breast cancer

answer

lowest incidence of the invasive breast cancers similar in appearance to breast infection the breast is warm red and swollen area might look pitted orphic like an orange peel on the mammogram you may only see the skin thickening

question

inflammatory breast cancer treatment

answer

this treatment usually involves aggressive and multi-modality plan typically patients receive chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiation chemotherapy is to shrink the tumor a modified radical mastectomy is also an option

question

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

answer

second most common type of invasive breast cancer most likely to affect women in their mid-40s to their mid-fifties can appear as general thickening of tissue usually above the nipple less likely detected on a mammogram can cuz it can appear as a symmetry

question

infiltrating lobular carcinoma treatment

answer

surgery chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and radiation therapy depending on stages and pathology

question

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

answer

most common form of invasive breast cancer originates in the milk ducts and then spreads to other areas occurs in women older than 65 detected by palpation of a hard lump on a mammogram it can appear to have irregular borders and a spiculated mass but also can appear as smooth edge lump

question

lobular carcinoma in situ

answer

consider early as possible in those treatable some experts don't consider it to be true form of cancer no immediate treatment intense surveillance tamoxifen

question

ductal carcinoma in situ

answer

more common breast cancer frequently appears on mammograms as microcalcifications hormone therapy could be treatment plan surgically remove or lumpectomy possible radiation therapy

question

Paget's disease

answer

disease starts in the breast stocks and spreads to skin might notice burning or itching sensation usually the skin of the nipple or the areola the skin often appears crusty scaly and red with areas of bleeding or bruising

question

mucinous colloid

answer

rare type of cancer consisting of mucus producing cancer cells can appear as microlobulated oval or lobular masses

question

total mastectomy or simple mastectomy

answer

involves removal of the entire breast but does not include the axillary lymph nodes

question

radical mastectomy

answer

and if the entire breast axillary lymph nodes in pectoral muscles

question

modified radical mastectomy

answer

removal of the entire breast plus the axillary lymph nodes

question

chemotherapy

answer

usually recommended for women with invasive breast cancers adjuvant chemotherapy can decrease the risk of recurrence but does not remove the risk completely

question

Trastuzumab

answer

monoclonal antibody used along with chemotherapy for women with erbb2 positive cancers

question

tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors

answer

use for women who have a tumor that is receptor positive for estrogen

question

left him rest for a male to develop breast cancer

answer

1 + 1000

question

gynecomastia

answer

appears as swelling of the breast tissue or button like seeing his dislike gross out of the nipple areola benign male condition

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