Chapter 11; Disorders & Diseases of the Skin – Flashcards
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Name the primary lesions. (10)
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Bulla, Cyst, Macule, Nodules, Papule, Pustule, Tubercle, tumor, vesicle, wheal
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Name the secondary lesions (8)
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Crust, Excoriation, Acne Excoriee, Fissure, Keloid, Scale, Scar, Ulcer
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What is a comedone?
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non inflamed buildup of cells, sebum and other debris inside follicles.
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Name and define the sebaceous gland disorders
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acne, asteatosis, comedo, furuncle, carbuncles, milia, sebaceous hyperplasia, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, steatoma
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List the inflammations of the skin.
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Dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, Contact dermatitis, Perioral dermatitis, Eczema, Edema, Erythema, Folliculitis, Pruitis, Psoriasis, Urticcaria
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What is contact dermatitis?
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inflammatory skin condition caused by allergic reaction from contact with substance or chemical
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What is rosacea?
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inflammation of the skin characterized by extreme redness, dilation of blood vessls, and in severe cases formation of papules and pustules
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List three disorders characterized by hyperpigmentation.
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Cholasma - liver spots from sun exposure Melasma - triggered by hormonal changes Nevus- a birthmark
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What are four types of hypertrophies?
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Actinic Keratoses - pink or flesh colored pre cancerous lesions Verruca- a wart Keratoma- acquired, thickened patch of epidermis Mole - a pigmented nevus
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Name and define six of the contagious diseases.
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1. Conjunctivits; pinkeye, inflammation of mucous membrane around the eye 2. Herpes sim 1 - fever blisters or cold sores 3. Herpes zoster - shingles; painful skin condition from reactivation of chickenpox virus 4. Tinea; fungal infection, athletes foot 5. Tinea corporis; ringworm 6. impetigo; bacterial infection of the skin
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three types of skin cancer.
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Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell Carcinoma, malignant Melanoma
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Explain the checklist system used to identify skin cancers.
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A. Asymmetry B. Border C. Color D. Diameter E. Evolving
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What are the main causes of acne?
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Genetics Clogged follicles Bacteria Triggers; Hormones, stress, cosmetics, products, Food
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What may trigger an acne flare-up?
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Triggers; Hormones, stress, cosmetics, products, Food
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Describe the four grades of acne.
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Grade 1. Minor breakouts Grade II. Many closed comedones, occasional papule Grade III. Red and inflamed, papules, comedones Grade IV. Cystic acne, cysts with comedones, scar formation
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Define Bulla
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Primary lesion, large blister containing watery fluid
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define cyst
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primary lesion, closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection or other matter ex acne cyst
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define Macule
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primary lesion flat spot or discoloration on skin, ex freckle or red spot, left after a pimple has healed
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define nodules
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primary lesion referred to as tumors but are smaller bumps caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections
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define papule
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primary lesion, small elevation that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule
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define Pustule
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primary lesion, an inflamed papule with white or yellow center containing pus
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define Tuberle
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primary lesion, an abnormal rounded, solid lump, larger than a papule
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define tumor
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primary lesion; large nodule, an abnormal cell mass from excessive cell multiplication
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define vesicle
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primary lesion; small blister or sac containing clear fluid, ex poison ivy
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define Wheal
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primary lesion; itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction. ex hive
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Secondary lesion defined
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later stage of disease and change structure of tissues and organs
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Primary lesion defined
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lesions in early stages of development or change
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Define crust
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secondary lesion, dead cells formed over wound or blemish while healing. ex scab or sore
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define excoriation
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secondary lesion; skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
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define acne excoriee
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secondary lesion, disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration
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define fissure
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secondary lesion; a crack in skin that may penetrate into dermis. ex chapped lips
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define keloid
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secondary lesion; thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
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define scale
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secondary lesion; excessive shedding of dead skin cells; flaky skin. ex dandruff or psoriasis
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define scar
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secondary lesion; discolored, slightly raised mark on skin after injury or lesion has healed
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define ulcer
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secondary lesion, an open lesion on skin or mucous membrane of body accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
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define acne
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes
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define Asteatosis
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency
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define furuncle
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) known as a boil, subcutaneous abscess filled with pus, caused by bacteria in gland or hair follicles
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define carbuncles
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) groups of boils
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define Milia
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) epidermal cysts are small, firm white papules, peal like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin
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define sebaceous hyperplasia
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) benign lesions seen in oilier areas of face, white, yellow, or flesh colored, doughnut shaped with an indentation
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define seborrhea
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(disorder of sebaceous gland), severe oiliness of the skin
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define seborrheic dermatitis
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and or itchiness. red, flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows or hairline
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define steatoma
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(disorder of sebaceous gland) sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum
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Define Dermatitis
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inflammatory condition of skin ex eczema, vesicles, or papules; three main categories of dermatitiis are atopic, contact and seborrheic
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Define Atopic Dermatitis
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chronic, relapsing form.irritants and allergens trigger dry and cracking skin
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Define Contact dermatitis
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inflammatory skin condition caused by allergic reaction from contact with substance or chemical
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Define Perioral dermatitis
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acne like condition around mouth, small clusters of papules, not contagious, antibiotics help
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Define Eczema
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inflammatory, painful, itching disease of skin, acute or chronic in nature, dry or moist lesions
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Define Edema
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swelling from fluid imbalance in cells from a response to injury, infection or medication
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Define Erythema
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Redness caused by inflammation
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Define Folliculitis
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hair grows under the surface instead of out of the follicle, causing a bacterial infection
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Define Pruitis
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medical term for itching; persisitant itching
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Define Psoriasis
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Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white/silver scales, caused by over proliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast.
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Define Hypertrophies
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abnormal growths
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Basal Cell carcinoma defined
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most common, open sores, reddish patches, or smooth growth with elevated border
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Squamous cell carcinoma defined
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red or pink scaly papules or nodules, grow and spreads to other areas of body
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Malignant melanoma defined
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serious form of skin cancer, black or dark patches on skin, uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. spreads and can be deadly
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What term is used to describe any mark, wound, or abnormality?
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lesion
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What is a leukoderma
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light patches caused by destroyed pigment producing cells
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What is the term for a flat spot or dicoloration of the skin, such as a freckle
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macule
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What is true of malignant melanoma?
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It is the most serious form of skin cancer
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What condition is also known as melasma
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Hyperpigmentation
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What is an example of epidermal cysts
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milia
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What is another name for the acute inflammatory disorder miliaria rubra
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prickly heat
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What term refers to a pimented nevus
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mole
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What are nodules
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small bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue or infections
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What is another name for a nevus
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birthmark
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What is a tubercle
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abnormal rounded, solid lump larger than a papule
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What is tinea versicolor
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yeast infection of the skin that inhibits melanin production
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What is the common name for the contagious infection tinea corporis
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ringworm
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What is the generic term for a fungal infection
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tinea
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What is the scientific term for couperose skin
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telangietasia
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What causes the skin to tan upon exposure to UV radation
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increase in pigmentation
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What is a steatoma
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sebaceous cyst of subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum
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What is the term for a brown or wine colored discoloration
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stain
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What is a characteristic of the form of skin cancer called swuamous cell carcinoma
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scaly red or pink papules or nodules
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What are skin tags
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small, benign outgrowths of the skin that look like flaps
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What is rosacea
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Condition characterized by redness and dilation of blood vessels
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What is the term for flaky skin cells or any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily
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scales
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What is a light colored slightly raised mark on the skin that is formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed
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scar
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What are sebaceous filaments
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mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter
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What is an example of sebaceous hyperplasia
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benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face
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what is acne
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chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands
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What is acne excorcieeDisorder
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where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions
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What are actinic keratoses
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pink or flesh colored pre cancerous lesions that result from sundamage
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What is albinism
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medical condition defined by an absence of melanin pigment
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What is anhidrosis
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deficiency in perspiiration
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What is asteatosis
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dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency
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What is the term for excess inflammation (dryskin, redness, itching)from allergies and irritants
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atopic dermatitis
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What is true of basal cell carcinoma
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it is the least severe type of skin cancer
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What is the term for foul smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet?
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bromhidrosis
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What is a bull?
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large blister containing watery fluid that is larger than a vesicle
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What is hyperkeratosis
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thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells
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What is the term for the overproduction of pigment
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hyperpigmentation
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What is hypertrophy
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abnormal growth of the skin
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What is hypopigmentation
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lack of pigment
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What is impetigo
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contagious bacterial infection marked by clusters of small blisters
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What is a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen)
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Keloid
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What is a keratoma
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acquired, thickened patch of epidermis
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What are abnormally thick build ups of cells
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keratoses
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What is keratosis pilaris
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redness and bumpiness in the cheeks caused by blocked follicles
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What is the scientific name for a frckle
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lentigo
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What are secondary lesions
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skin damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs
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What is seborrheic dermatitis
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common form of eczema
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What is severe oiliness of the skin called
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seborrhea
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Where on the face does the acne like condition peritis manifest
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mouth
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What is a characteristic of primary lesion
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flat, non palpable changes in skin color such as maculae or patches
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What is the term for persistent itching
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pruitis
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What is the common name for pseudofolliculitis
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razor bumps
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What is a characteristic of psoriasis
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red patches covered with white silver scales
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What is a pustule
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inflamed papule
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When someone has retention hyperkeratinosis, what builds up and fails to shed from the follicles as happens in normal skin
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dead skin cells
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What is the term for a cluster of boils?
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caubuncle
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What is the common name for cholasma
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liver spots
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What is true of a comedogenic product
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it tends to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells
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What is a comedone
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mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle
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What is contact dermatitis
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an inflammation caused by contact with a substance or chemical
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What is crust an accumulation of
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sebum and pus
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What is a closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above and below the skin
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cyst
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What is dermatitis
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any inflammatory condition of the skin
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What is a papule
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small elevation of the skin that contains fluid and may develop pus
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What are not examples of wheals? a. hives, b. mosquito bites, c. uticaria, d pustules
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pustules
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What is vitiligo
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pigmentation disease characterized by white patches
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what is a small blister or sac containing clear fluid
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vesicle
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What is the common name for the hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis known as a verruca
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wart
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What is another term for varicose veins
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vascular lesions
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What is the term for vascular dilation of blood vessels
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vasodialation
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What is the common name for urticarial, which is caused by an allergic reaction form the body's histamine production
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hives
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hat accompanies an ulcer in addition to a loss of skin depth
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pus
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What is the term for an abnormal cell mass that results from excessive cell multiplication and varies in size, shape, and color
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tumor
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What is eczema
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inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin
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What is edema
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swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells
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What is erythema
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redness caused by inflammation
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What is excoriation
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skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
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What is a fissure
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crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
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What is folliculitis
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inflammation of the hair follicles
