Disorders of Hair and Nails and Mucous Membranes plus cancer – Flashcards
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basal cell carcinoma
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identify
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melanoma
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identify
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squamous cell carcinoma
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identify
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basal cell carcinoma
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identify the tumour.
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basal cell carcinoma
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identify the tumour
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actinic keratosis
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identify tumour
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describe the appearance of androgenetic alopecia
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a non scarring style of hair loss in the following pattern in many men and women.
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Describe the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia. what is the inheritance of this disease?
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in this disease, each individual follicle is genetically marked to become bald or not. Uptake, metabolism and 5 alpha reduction of testosterone is increased to DHT in balding areas. Inheritance comes from maternal and paternal sides equally.
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How can you treat androgenetic alopecia? How can you test for it?
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you treat this disorder with oral finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitor), topical minoxidil solution, or hair transplant surgery. you can test with the pull test and see if more than 6 hairs come out.
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describe the appearance of alopecia areata.
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this disorder is marked by circumscribed circular patch(es), and the periphery may show broken hairs. Look for exclamation point hairs with taper proximally.
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what is the course of disease in alopecia areata? what is the heritability? what are the associations with other diseases?
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50% of all cases resolve in 1 year without treatment. 25% of patients have a family history associated with thyroid disease, vitiligo, nail pitting
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describe the etiology of telogen effluvium
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this appearance is caused by a number of stresses: parturition, febrile illness, stress, crash diets, drugs: metoprolol, anticoagulants, antithyroid drugs, sodium valproate.
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what is the common appearance of: trichotillomania telogen effluvium anagen effluvium androgenetic alopecia alopecia areata
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differential for this appearance of hair loss is?
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describe the appearance and potential causes of scarring alopecia
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the following can be caused by discoid lupus, lichen planopilaris, or tinea capitis.
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treatment for alopecia areata?
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you can treat this disorder with cortisone or an immunogen (like poison ivy)
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what causes anagen effluvium? pathogenesis?
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this pattern of hair loss is caused by chemotherapy or tadiation and involved complete discontinuance of proliferation of matrix cells of the hair shaft.
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what are beau's grooves appearance? What causes them?
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these 1 mm wide depressions in the nail plate are caused commonly following dramatic illness such as MI and periods of high fever or malnutrition.
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what nail changes occur in hypoalbuminemia accompanying chronic hepatic or renal disease. can also be benign.
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under what circumstances does this happen
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what nail change happens in iron deficiency?
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under what circumstances does this (koilinychia) happen?
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what nail changes are caused by staph infection of the nail?
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what causes parynychia?
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what nail changes do you see with bacterial endocarditis or trichinoisis? (also with normal individuals)
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what causes the above splinter hemorrhages?
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candida paronychia - who is it commonly seen in? how common is it? characterized by?
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commonly seen in dishwashers, bartenders and waitresses, this is the most common cause of nail inflammation. lack of pain, lack of warmth, absence of pus.
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white lesions of the mouth include what seven things?
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1. lichen planus 2. candida 3. verrucae 4. SCC 5. lupus 6. syphilis 7. oral hairy leukoplakia all of these oral problems have a common sign. what is it?
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describe the appearance of lichen planus in the mouth.
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these white lacy lesions cannot be scraped off and are autoimmune in nature.
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describe what squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth looks like
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identify this verrucous white lesion in the mouth - cancerous!
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list the 6 different ulcerating lesions of the mouth
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1. herpes simplex 2. apthous stomatitis 3. Behcet's syndrome 4. lichen planus 5. pemphigus/pemphigoid 6. stevens johnson syndrome/erythema multiforme major
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which one of the ulcerating oral lesions of the mouth is life threatening
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how is pemphigus/pemphigoid unique compared to the other ulcerating lesions of the mouth?
