question

The recommendations for a high-carbohydrate diet refers to one that is ___ in complext carbohydrates and ____ in simple carbohydrates

answer

high, low

question

dietary fiber may play a role in the prevention of ____ cancer

answer

colon

question

is a condition in which one lacks lactase. symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products

answer

lactose maldigestion

question

are the main problem associated with excessive sugar intake

answer

dental caries

question

the main function of glucose is to supply ____ for the body

answer

energy

question

are products from partial fat metabolism as a result of too little dietary carbohydrate

answer

ketones

question

polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes, and therefore cannot be absorbed are called ____

answer

dietary fiber

question

a(n) _____ is the simplest form of lipid; it is a carbon chain, flanked by hydrogens, with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other end.

answer

fatty acid

question

sometimes phospholipids are used in commercial salad dressings to suspend vegetable oil in water. In this case, phospholipids are serving as ____

answer

emulsifiers

question

the process of ____ removes double bonds from fatty acids, giving the fat a more solid consistency.

answer

hydrogenation

question

one fat replacer that has gained notoriety lately due to its undesirable side effects is _____

answer

olestra

question

during rest and light activities, fatty acids are the main fuel for ____

answer

muscles

question

is the name of the disease in which children may be getting adequate calories, but not enough protein

answer

Kwashiorkor

question

an illness that results from a malfunction of the red blood cells because of an incorrect structure in parts of the hemoglobin protein chain is called _____

answer

sickle cell anemia

question

short chain proteins and ____ are the end products of protein digestion that can be taken up by the absorptive cells of the small intestine

answer

amino acids

question

Insulin is one example of a protein that acts as a _____

answer

hormone

question

in proteins, amino acids are joined by _____ bonds

answer

peptide

question

is a type of malnutrition that results primarily from not consuming enough calories

answer

marasmus

question

the best estimate for the about of protein required for nearly all adults is ____ g/kg/day

answer

0.8

question

How many grams of protein are needed per day by a male non-athlete, weighing 87 kg?

answer

70 (87x0.8)

question

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences advocates that 10% to 35% of calories come from protein and ________________ from carbohydrate. Select one: a. 20% to 35% b. 45% to 65% c. 50% to 70% d. 55% to 75%

answer

b. 45% to 65%

question

Which of the following yield greater than 4 kcalories per gram? Select one: a. Plant fats b. Plant carbohydrates c. Plant proteins d. Animal proteins

answer

a. Plant fats

question

Minerals can Select one: a. provide energy. b. be destroyed during cooking. c. be degraded by the body. d. become part of the body structural systems.

answer

d. become part of the body structural systems.

question

The correct answer is: become part of the body structural systems. Which of the following does not regulate body processes? Select one: a. Proteins b. Carbohydrates c. Water d. Vitamins

answer

b. Carbohydrates

question

Which of the following is not a nutrition-related objective from Healthy People 2010? Select one: a. Reduce obesity b. Increase fruit intake c. Increase grain intake d. Increase protein intake

answer

d. Increase protein intake

question

Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate? Select one: a. Starches b. Table sugar c. Disaccharides d. Monosaccharides

answer

a. Starches

question

Food eaten away from home now accounts for close to ____ of the American food dollar. Select one: a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%

answer

c. 50%

question

Healthy People 2010 was designed to Select one: a. promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans. b. disclose dietary practices that best support health. c. prevent chronic disease. d. eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and to encourage healthful practices.

answer

a. promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans.

question

Which of the following is true about the energy content of nutrients? Select one: a. Lipids supply 7 kcalories per gram. b. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcalories per gram. c. Alcohol supplies 9 kcalories per gram. d. Lipids and alcohol supply 9 kcalories per gram

answer

b. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcalories per gram.

question

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine? Select one: a. Dextrose b. Disaccharides c. Dietary fiber d. Simple sugars

answer

c. Dietary fiber

question

Which of the following is true about the use of the USDA MyPyramid? Select one: a. The Guide applies to infants. b. Milk and meat are essential to good nutrition. c. Variety is the key to the plan. d. The Guide does not permit use of fats, oils, and sweets.

answer

c. Variety is the key to the plan.

question

The acronym RDA stands for Select one: a. Recommended Dietary Allowance. b. Recommended Daily Allowance. c. Required Dietary Allowance. d. Required Daily Allowance.

answer

a. Recommended Dietary Allowance.

question

Which statement best describes nutrient density? Select one: a. Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the "same old thing." b. Consume a variety of foods from MyPyramid's five major food groups every day. c. Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources. d. Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories

answer

d. Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories

question

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? Select one: a. Choose a diet very low in fat and cholesterol. b. Balance the food you eat with physical activity. c. Choose a diet with plenty of animal products including milk and meats. d. Eat an abundance of saturated fats.

answer

b. Balance the food you eat with physical activity.

question

Which of the following has been set for vitamin D, fluoride, and biotin? Select one: a. Minimum requirements b. RDAs c. AIs d. Reference Daily Intakes

answer

c. AIs

question

One cup of apple juice has 111 kcalories and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kcalories and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density? Select one: a. Apple juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than orange juice. b. To get adequate vitamin C while watching kcalorie intake, it would be better to consume apple juice than orange juice. c. Apple juice would be a better choice than orange juice in terms of vitamin C, while watching kcalories. d. Orange juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than apple juice.

answer

d. Orange juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than apple juice

question

The Dietary Guidelines were issued in response to Select one: a. widespread prevalence of nutritional deficiency. b. concerns regarding disease patterns in the United States. c. nutritional deficiency among children in low socioeconomic classes. d. over-consumption of energy, fat, cholesterol, and alcohol.

answer

b. concerns regarding disease patterns in the United States.

question

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends which of the following? Select one: a. Choosing and preparing foods without salt b. Consuming two alcoholic beverages per day c. Being physically active each day d. Washing meat and poultry

answer

c. Being physically active each day

question

Which of the following measures does not assess nutritional status? Select one: a. Dietary analysis b. Biochemical evaluation c. Clinical evaluation d. Hair analysis

answer

d. Hair analysis

question

Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn? Select one: a. Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat. b. Eat large meals. c. Eat meals low in carbohydrate. d. Avoid fluids.

answer

a. Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.

question

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called Select one: a. sphincters. b. passages. c. openings. d. gates.

answer

a. sphincters.

question

A function of the large intestine is to absorb Select one: a. fats and proteins. b. vitamins and minerals. c. water and minerals. d. proteins and carbohydrates.

answer

c. water and minerals.

question

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to Select one: a. promote fat digestion. b. activate stomach enzymes. c. protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes. d. keep the stomach bacteria-free.

answer

c. protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.

question

A recurrent and more serious form of heartburn, also known as acid reflux, is called Select one: a. gastroesophageal reflux disease. b. cardiovascular reflux disease. c. esophageal ulceritis. d. gastric distress.

answer

a. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

question

The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called Select one: a. nutrigenomics. b. food biotechnology. c. nutritional biochemistry. d. genetic engineering.

answer

a. nutrigenomics.

question

Which of the following is true regarding bile? Select one: a. It is secreted in response to the presence of carbohydrates in the small intestine. b. It stimulates the release of pancreatic juices. c. It is produced by the liver. d. It is a hormone.

answer

c. It is produced by the liver.

question

All of the following are characteristics of heartburn except which one? Select one: a. It is a gnawing pain in the upper chest. b. It is caused by a backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. c. It can damage the esophagus because it has no mucus lining to protect the esophagus. d. It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal

answer

d. It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal

question

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the Select one: a. pyloric sphincter. b. esophageal sphincter. c. Sphincter of Oddi. d. ileocecal sphincter.

answer

a. pyloric sphincter.

question

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system? Select one: a. The specialized fluid carried by this system is blood. b. This system never intersects with the bloodstream. c. It is not involved in the transport of nutrients. d. It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

answer

d. It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

question

Which of the following is a major source of lactose? Select one: c. photosynthesis. b. Broccoli c. Apples d. Honey

answer

c. photosynthesis.

question

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called Select one: a. biosynthesis. b. anabolism. c. photosynthesis. d. glycogenesis.

answer

c. photosynthesis.

question

Lactose intolerance is caused by Select one: a. a milk allergy. b. lactase deficiency. c. milk bacteria. d. intestinal bacteria.

answer

b. lactase deficiency.

question

Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state? Select one: a. Insulin b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Glucagon

answer

d. Glucagon

question

Amylase is Select one: a. an enzyme that digests protein. b. a branched chain of glucose units. c. an enzyme that digests starch. d. a straight chain of glucose units.

answer

c. an enzyme that digests starch.

question

Which of the following is not a rich source of viscous (soluble) fibers? Select one: a. Fruits b. Oatmeal c. Whole wheat bread d. Legumes

answer

c. Whole wheat bread

question

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are Select one: a. gas, abdominal pain, and distention. b. a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose. c. a headache and chest pain. d. nausea and vomiting.

answer

a. gas, abdominal pain, and distention.

question

Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion? Select one: a. Starch to lactose to galactose b. Starch to maltose to glucose c. Starch to glycogen to glucose d. Starch to sucrose to fructose

answer

b. Starch to maltose to glucose

question

ou are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet? Select one: a. Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs. b. Fat will be broken down and used as the exclusive fuel, leading to considerable fat loss and little health risk. c. Ketones will be produced from partial protein metabolism to be used for energy. d. Fat will be broken down and converted to glucose that will be used as the primary energy source.

answer

a. Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.

question

If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use? Select one: a. Stevia b. Aspartame c. High fructose corn syrup d. Saccharin

answer

b. Aspartame

question

Hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat? Select one: a. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) b. Cis-fatty acids c. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) d. Trans-fatty acids

answer

d. Trans-fatty acids

question

Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion? Select one: a. Chylomicron b. Low-density lipoprotein c. Very-low-density lipoprotein d. High-density lipoprotein

answer

d. High-density lipoprotein

question

Which of the following would be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? Select one: a. Beef b. Chicken c. Olive oil d. Safflower oil

answer

d. Safflower oil

question

Lipoproteins contain all of the following components except Select one: a. protein. b. cholesterol. c. carbohydrate. d. phospholipid.

answer

c. carbohydrate.

question

Which of the following would you buy if you wanted the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content? Select one: a. Stick margarine made with canola oil b. Semisolid shortening made with olive oil c. Soft margarine in a tub, made from corn oil d. Liquid, squeezable margarine, made from safflower oil

answer

d. Liquid, squeezable margarine, made from safflower oil

question

Studies of Greenland Eskimos, among others, have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease. What is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed? Select one: a. The protein in fish lowers the blood cholesterol. b. Fish is low in cholesterol. c. Fish contain fatty acids that decrease blood clotting. d. The carbohydrate in fish lowers blood cholesterol.

answer

c. Fish contain fatty acids that decrease blood clotting.

question

Sterols are similar to triglycerides in which of the following ways? Select one: a. They contain fatty acids. b. They contain glycerol. c. They usually contain three fatty acids. d. They do not dissolve in water.

answer

d. They do not dissolve in water.

question

Which of the following is true about cholesterol? Select one: a. It is an essential nutrient. b. It is found in plant and animal foods. c. It is found only in plants. d. It is found only in animal products

answer

d. It is found only in animal products

question

Triglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily because Select one: a. they are high in kcalories. b. they are readily stored in adipose tissue. c. they provide bulk in foods. d. they require bile to be digested.

answer

a. they are high in kcalories.

question

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend getting no more than ______ percent of your total kcalories from fat. Select one: a. 20 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35

answer

d. 35

question

Kwashiorkor appears in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The reason is that Select one: a. growth needs are low. b. children have been weaned from breast milk early. c. by this time adequate exposure to other children allows them to catch it. d. protein intake has been high for a long enough time to cause kidney damage.

answer

b. children have been weaned from breast milk early.

question

The child with kwashiorkor has all the following conditions except Select one: a. moderate weight deficit. b. some visible fat stores. c. edema in the abdomen and legs. d. a skin-and-bones appearance.

answer

d. a skin-and-bones appearance.

question

An essential amino acid Select one: a. can be synthesized in the body if there is a nitrogen source. b. can be synthesized in the body if caloric intake is adequate. c. cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs. d. can be formed in the body from semiessential amino acids.

answer

c. cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs.

question

Food proteins are used most efficiently when we Select one: a. are eating a very low kcalorie diet. b. eat large quantities of protein even though our kcalorie intake may be low. c. are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kcalorie needs. d. are eating enough fat even though carbohydrate intake may be low.

answer

c. are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kcalorie needs.

question

Which of the following is true about protein intake in the United States compared to the rest of the world? Select one: a. Plant sources of protein predominate in the United States. b. We eat less animal sources of protein than people in Asia and Africa. c. About 70 percent of the protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products. d. Chicken is our main animal source of protein.

answer

c. About 70 percent of the protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products.

question

Proteins are digested in which areas of the body? Select one: a. Mouth and stomach b. Mouth and small intestine b. sickle cell anemia. d. Small and large intestines

answer

b. sickle cell anemia.

question

A hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in the amino acid sequence of a protein chain is Select one: a. kwashiorkor. b. sickle cell anemia. c. marasmus. d. edema.

answer

b. sickle cell anemia.

question

Jack weighs 176 pounds (80 kilograms). What would be his RDA for protein? Select one: a. 10 grams b. 64 grams c. 80 grams d. 27 grams

answer

b. 64 grams

question

All of the following describe kwashiorkor and marasmus except Select one: a. forms of protein-energy malnutrition. b. common in developing nations. c. created by political, economic, geographic, social, and dietary factors. d. diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening

answer

d. diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening

question

Today the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is _____ grams per kilogram body weight per day. Select one: a. 2 b. 0.6 c. 0.8 d. 1.5

answer

c. 0.8

question

A body fat level of ____% or greater for women warrants a diagnosis of obesity.

answer

35

question

John weighs 80 kg and is 1.6 m tall. His BMI is ______ kg/m2.

answer

31 (80/(1.6x1.6)

question

increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25-40%.

answer

physical activity

question

a technique for estimating energy expenditure by measuring oxygen used by a person is called ____

answer

indirect calorimetry

question

Underweight is defined as a BMI below ____

answer

18.5

question

restricting food and beverage intake by _____ kcal per day below calorie needs typically leads to weight loss of 1 pound per week.

answer

500

question

obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

answer

android

question

cycles of loss and regain of weight are called ____ relapse prevention. With each cycle, it is easier to gain weight and harder to lose.

answer

yo-yo dieting

question

the energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the ____. This equals approximately 5-10% of energy intake.

answer

thermic effect of food

question

Bill consumes 2,500 kcalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kcalories, from the thermic effect of food? Select one: a. 125 to 250 b. 250 to 375 c. 300 to 550 d. 425 to 600

answer

a. 125 to 250

question

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation? Select one: a. Her frequent weight loss attempts have most likely led to greater amounts of lean body mass. b. Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to lose weight. c. When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat. d. Her problem results from poor habits, with studies showing genetics as an insignificant contributor.

answer

c. When she ends the diet she regains additional body fat.

question

Currently, the most common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is Select one: a. intestinal bypass. b. gastric bypass. c. gastric balloons. d. gastrectomy.

answer

b. gastric bypass

question

Which of the following is not true about android obesity? Select one: a. It is upper body obesity. b. High testosterone levels encourage it. c. A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it. d. It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

answer

c. A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it.

question

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat? Select one: a. Body mass index b. Bioelectrical impedance c. Skinfolds d. Underwater weighing

answer

a. Body mass index

question

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis. Select one: a. 25% b. 20% c. 35% d. 30%

answer

c. 35%

question

The MyPyramid calorie guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is Select one: a. 1600. b. 2000. c. 2400. d. 2800.

answer

c. 2400

question

The best formal weight loss program for the average dieter is Select one: a. Weight Watchers. b. Jenny Craig. c. Nutri-System. d. Diet Center.

answer

a. Weight Watchers

question

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis. Select one: a. 8% b. 20% c. 24% d. 30%

answer

c. 24%

question

Xenical is a weight loss drug that works in the digestive system Select one: a. to substitute xylose for glucose. b. to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat. c. to produce a full feeling that decreases hunger. d. as an artificial fat.

answer

b. to block digestion of about one-third of the fat in the food we eat.

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