Introduction
Most scientists, led by Kalita (18), widened the scope of astronomical study by posing the significant question, “What composes the universe?” In most non-scientific studies, the question finds simple answers, but in the distinct field of astronomy, the study attracts more defined answers, as depicted by Gibney (8). Among the leading contributions to the description of the word universe is the discussion surrounding dark energy and dark matter. Several scientists have attributed this topic to the development of the definition of the word universe, arguing that it has helped in unraveling the unknown facets of the universe.
This paper is a summary of a Scientific Journal of Astronomy that defines the nature of dark energy and dark matter. The main arguments enshrined within the article under discussion surround the certainty that dark
...energy and how it affects the expansion of the universe. Furthermore, the article widens its scope by highlighting the mystery behind the remainder of the composition of the universe. This mystery, nonetheless, forms the basic foundation of the research by Ranku Kalita to distinguish between dark energy and dark matter.
The aim of this article, moreover, is to ascertain the phenomenon of the expansion of the universe.
Discussion
The universe consists of the dark matter, dark energy and rest is what is on the earth and its surroundings. Dark matter constitutes of about 70% of the universe, dark matter takes 25% and the earth and all its constituents and surrounds takes up 5% (Samuel Reich, 77). It is clear that only 5%of the universe has been fully discovered while the rest if the 95% remains a mystery to most people.
Observations have been made o
the stars, sun, earth and the solar system but not many scientists have taken the time to study space (Kalita, 19). The universe has been under great discovery by astronauts as many have taken trips outside the earth and this has led to the discovery of the space outside the solar system. The space outside the widely researched solar system is not empty as there are amazing properties that the space contains. First off, the space has the ability to expand wider.
The space gets wider with time due to its gravitational pull to more space. Secondly, the spaces posses’ energy that gives it the ability to pull more space therefore is creating a bigger space. Scientist who have discovered and studied the dark energy does not have a clear explanation to why the energy should exist or why it is causing the universe to expand. Scientists have come up with explanation on the dark matter but there have been questions on the theories provided. One of the explanations given is that the space contains small particles which come together and form a sort of energy that causes the expansion of the universe (Gibney, 16). This explanation has met opposition as it does come clear on the amount of energy involved.
Another explanation is that there is a dynamic field that fills the space and causes the expansion of the universe. Consequently, the explanation has been opposed on the basis that the fluid or field is not known why it exists and where it comes from. The last explanation is by Einstein who argues that the space has gravitational pull but it is opposed on the basis
that the gravity on the space would affect the movement of objects on the solar system. There is no universally accepted explanation on what causes the universe to expand though research continues on the dark energy (Samuel Reich, 42). Over years of research, astronauts have come up with the explanation of what dark matter is not other than what it is (Samuel Reich, 25). The matter is dark meaning that it is not a star or a planet and neither is it a cloud as it is made up of particles known as baryons it is possible to prove the baryonic composition of the dark matter as the particles can be easily detected if are absorbed through radiation.
Dark matter has also been ascertained to be an anti-matter, as there has not been the detection of gamma rays which are produced when antimatter and matter exterminate. Dark matter has been ruled out to be large galaxy holes that exist on the universe. This has been attributed to the fact that there have been no gravitational lenses observed. The gravitational lenses, moreover, are responsible for giving a distinct direction, as is the case in dark energy (Gibney, 23). Therefore, dark matter exhibits a characteristic that identifies it as directly undetectable. In this article, Ranku Kalita further expounds on the arguments by other scientists by strengthening the phenomenon that distinguishes the inability to directly detect dark matter.
In the process of establishing direct detection, scientists argue that the collision between dark matter and inertial mass is a critical component. Moreover, the detection is strengthened by the addition of scattering particles that consist of visible matter (Gibney, 12). In such
cases that the direct detection fails to materialize, it is evident that the scattering of the inertial mass of visible matter has failed to occur as well. It is important to note, moreover, that both dark matter and visible matter have a common possession of gravitational mass.
Both these measures, which are instrumental in equalization of the inertial mass to the gravitational mass, form an essential part of the concept of freefall.
Conclusion
To this point, it is evident that Ranku Kalita explains the reason behind the possible availability of the few dark matter, owing it to the inability to directly detect the matter. In addition, the article explains the nature of dark energy, despite having minimal scientific proof. As such, dark energy is a class of physics that falls under a unique category of the unproven, hence the classical mechanical paradigm (Kalita, 21).
On the other hand, the quantum mechanical paradigm helps in demystifying the mystery of the universe, by defining the accelerating expansion exhibited by the universe itself. In conclusion, it is evident that the complete theory of dark matter and dark energy fit the theoretical paradigms as stipulated in the quantum and classical theories by the author.
Works Cited
- Gibney, Elizabeth. "Bouncing Neutrons Probe Dark Energy On A Table-Top". Nature (2014): n. pag. Web.
- Kalita, Ranku. "The Nature Of Dark Energy And Dark Matter". astronomy 3.1 (2014): 18-21. Web. 14 July 2016.
- Samuel Reich, Eugenie. "Astronomers Use Fake Data To Tackle Dark Energy". Nature (2013): n.
pag. Web.
