question

Which of the following is true of cell division? a. Three daughter cells are produced from one parent cell. b. Each daughter cell contains half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell. c. Each daughter cell receives one-third of the hereditary information in the parent cell. d. The hereditary information is DNA in the parent cell and RNA in the daughter cells.

answer

b. Each daughter cell contains half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.

question

Which of the following statements about stem cells is true? a. They are found only in embryos. b. They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types. c. They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults. d. They are "perpetual" parent cells that never produce daughter cells. e. They are permanently differentiated and cannot further divide.

answer

b. They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.

question

The DNA in a chromosome most resembles

answer

d. a spiral staircase.

question

All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT: a. deoxyribose. c. thymine. b. adenine. d. phospholipid

answer

d. phospholipid

question

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide? a. Phosphate-sugar-base c. Phosphate-sugar-phosphate b. Base-sugar-base d. Phospholipid-base-sugar

answer

a. Phosphate-sugar-base

question

Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?

answer

a. DNA

question

In DNA, phosphate binds to

answer

c. deoxyribose.

question

The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called

answer

b. the cell cycle

question

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes? a. Budding in Hydra b. Prokaryotic fission in E. coli c. Meiosis in plants d. The union of sperm and egg in sea urchins

answer

a. Budding in Hydra

question

Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells? a. Stem cells c. Most brain cells b. Bone marrow cells d. Newly formed daughter cells

answer

c. Most brain cells

question

As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells

answer

c. is genetically identical to all others.

question

When a cell divides via asexual reproduction is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.

answer

a. each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.

question

A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called

answer

e. prokaryotic fission

question

The genetic material in bacteria consists of a. several circular DNA molecules. b. one circular RNA molecule. c. many rod-like DNA molecules with protein. d. one circular DNA molecule. e. DNA in mitochondria.

answer

d. one circular DNA molecule.

question

What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

answer

c. Cell growth and DNA replication

question

Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can

answer

a. occur in less than a half an hour.

question

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?

answer

c. Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane-bound organelle.

question

In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is

answer

b. circular.

question

In prokaryotes, the term "prokaryotic fission" specifically refers to

answer

a. asexual reproduction.

question

In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission

answer

b. are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.

question

What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?

answer

c. They bind the DNA into a supercoiled structure.

question

How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

answer

d. Millions

question

Which of the following is the longest? a. A condensed prokaryotic chromosome b. An uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome c. A condensed eukaryotic chromosome d. An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome

answer

d. An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome

question

The two ends of a single chromosome are called

answer

c. telomeres.

question

The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the

answer

e. centromere

question

In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?

answer

b. A chromatid

question

A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a

answer

d. karyotype

question

In a typical human body cell, how many chromosomes are there?

answer

d. 46

question

A typical human body cell contains how many sex chromosomes?

answer

b. 2

question

The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the

answer

a. X and Y chromosomes.

question

Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the ________ and results in the production of ________.

answer

c. testes and ovaries; gametes

question

Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?

answer

a. A diploid cell

question

Which of the following organisms does NOT reproduce its cells by mitosis and cytokinesis? a. A cow b. A bacterium c. A mushroom d. A cockroach e. A banana tree

answer

b. A bacterium

question

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur?

answer

a. The S phase of interphase

question

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?

answer

b. The G1 phase of interphase

question

All of the following eukaryotes can reproduce asexually EXCEPT: a. aspen trees. b. Amoeba. c. Hydra. d. Paramecium. e. domestic dogs.

answer

e. domestic dogs.

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division? a. Anaphase-telophase-prophase-metaphase c. Metaphase-prophase-anaphase-telophase b. Prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase d. Telophase-anaphase-prophase-metaphase

answer

b. Prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase

question

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

answer

a. Anaphase

question

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

answer

b. Prophase

question

During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres line up along the cell equator?

answer

c. Metaphase

question

Which phase of mitosis is a "preparatory" step involving the development of spindle microtubules?

answer

b. Prophase

question

Which phase of mitosis involves the shortening of the microtubules as the chromosomes move toward the poles?

answer

a. Anaphase

question

Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

answer

d. Telophase

question

During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?

answer

d. Telophase

question

One difference between mitotic cell division in animal cells and plant cells is that

answer

d. in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.

question

The protein-containing structure on the centromere where microtubules attach is called the

answer

d. kinetochore

question

Kinetochores attach a. chromosomes to each other. c. chromosomes to ribosomes. b. sister chromatids to each other. d. chromatids to spindle microtubules.

answer

d. chromatids to spindle microtubules.

question

In animal cells, spindle microtubules originate from structures called a. cyclins. c. chromatids. b. centrioles. d. histones.

answer

b. centrioles

question

What occurs immediately following cytokinesis? a. Anaphase c. Telophase b. Prophase d. The G1 portion of interphase

answer

d. The G1 portion of interphase

question

What would be a consequence of a mutation that disables the production of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)? a. DNA would not contain any phosphate groups. b. Cell-cycle control would not be possible. c. The nuclear envelope would disintegrate. d. Telomere length would be shortened significantly

answer

b. Cell-cycle control would not be possible.

question

Cdks are activated only when they bind to

answer

b. cyclin

question

Kinases are responsible for the addition of ________ to other proteins.

answer

d. phosphate

question

Growth factors stimulate

answer

a. cells to divide.

question

Cancer is essentially

answer

c. unregulated mitotic cell division.

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a cyclin-Cdk pathway?

answer

a. Growth factor-receptor-cyclin-Cdk-DNA replication

question

If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its

answer

c. ability to increase cell division when needed would diminish.

question

The different forms of a gene-for example, those responsible for eye color-are called

answer

b. alleles.

question

Sexual reproduction allows for

answer

c. greater genetic diversity in offspring, compared to asexual reproduction.

question

Which of the following occurs during meiosis? a. Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes. b. Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes. c. Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes. d. Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.

answer

a. Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.

question

In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by

answer

d. meiosis.

question

How many daughter cells are produced from each parent cell during meiosis?

answer

c. Four

question

When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) ________ is produced.

answer

c. zygote

question

During meiosis, maternal and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites called

answer

a. chiasmata

question

Chiasmata are the locations of

answer

c. crossing over.

question

In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have

answer

c. separated.

question

How many haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

answer

c. 4

question

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

answer

d. Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.

question

How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

answer

a. In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.

question

In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during

answer

e. anaphase II.

question

During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in

answer

b. four haploid cells.

question

Which of the following is represented by ferns and other plants?

answer

c. Alternation of generations

question

Which of the following is represented by birds?

answer

b. Diploid life cycle

question

In the alternation of generations life cycle, adults may be .

answer

c. haploid or diploid.

question

In flowering plants, pollen represents the

answer

a. haploid stage.

question

All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT:

answer

d. prokaryotic fission

question

The most common method of bacterial reproduction is

answer

d. prokaryotic fission

question

Replication of the bacterial ________ is required before the bacterial cell can be duplicated.

answer

b. chromosome

question

All of the following play a role in the development of cancer EXCEPT:

answer

d. inhibition of Cdk and blocking of DNA replication

question

Mitosis is division of the ________, whereas cytokinesis is division of the ________.

answer

b. nucleus; cytoplasm

question

Beginning with a newly formed daughter cell, what is the order of the other stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

answer

a. G1, S, G2, mitosis

question

During plant cell cytokinesis, what is the name of the structure that forms between the daughter cell nucleiand eventually will become the new cell wall?

answer

d. Cell plate

question

HeLa cells have been used in research to a. identify viral strains. b. investigate cancer. c. study the effects of radiation on cells. d. develop tissue culture techniques that produced a polio vaccine. e. all of these

answer

e. all of these

question

Understanding cell division requires knowledge about a. information that guides inheritance. b. how information in a parent cell is copied. c. mechanisms that distribute information to daughter cells. d. mechanisms that insure new individuals receive parental information. e. all of these

answer

e. all of these

question

The unique feature of HeLa cells that make them important for research is that

answer

b. they are immortal cells and will grow in culture.

question

Mitosis and cytoplasmic division function in a. growth. b. repair of damaged tissue. c. replacement of worn-out cells. d. asexual reproduction. e. all of these.

answer

e. all of these.

question

Division of eukaryotic cells into two identical cells is called

answer

c. mitosis.

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of the results of mitosis? a. a pair of identical twins b. a group of rooted plant cuttings from a single plant c. the cells produced by the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism d. the offspring produced by two parents e. healing of a wound

answer

d. the offspring produced by two parents

question

Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the

answer

d.nucleus and chromosomes.

question

What is NOT associated with meiosis?

answer

b. somatic cells

question

Eukaryotic DNA molecules have

answer

large amounts of protein around which DNA is wound.

question

When the chromosome is most condensed, which of the following is true?

answer

Proteins are used to wind up the DNA.

question

Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually?

answer

meiosis

question

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

answer

sister

question

Proteins that resemble spools on which DNA molecules are wound are called

answer

histones.

question

A portion of a DNA molecule wound around a spool of histone protein is called a

answer

nucleosome.

question

Chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis as a result of

answer

condensation.

question

The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is

answer

two.

question

Which of these statements concerning the centromere is NOT true? a. It appears to join duplicated DNAs. b. It anchors proteins to DNA. c. Its position along the chromosome varies. d. It is the location site for microtubule attachment. e. It is temporary.

answer

b. It anchors proteins to DNA.

question

The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell

answer

is the same for all members of a species.

question

DNA replication occurs

answer

between the gap phases of interphase.

question

Chromosomes and genes are replicated during

answer

interphase.

question

Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?

answer

S

question

During the "gap" phases of the cell cycle, most of the activity is directed toward

answer

synthesizing cytoplasmic organelles.

question

The interval before the onset of DNA replication is called

answer

the G1 stage.

question

The stage just preceding nuclear and cytoplasmic division is

answer

the G2 stage.

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds. b. Cell division in an adult signifies cancer. c. Some specific cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves. d. Growth continues throughout the life of an adult human. e. All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.

answer

c. Some specific cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.

question

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

answer

16

question

If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present after duplication of the chromosomes?

answer

32

question

Which statement is TRUE of the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis? a. Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell. b. Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes. c. If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23. d. The sister chromosomes are not identical due to breakages in the DNA. e. All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.

answer

b. Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.

question

Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term

answer

diploid.

question

The spindle apparatus is composed of

answer

microtubules.

question

Which of the following is NOT necessary for spindle apparatus formation? a. microtubules b. proteins c. centrioles d. microtubule organizing centers e. tubulins

answer

c. centrioles

question

Which of the following four statements is NOT true? a. The location of the centromere is unique for each chromosome. b. Some spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores. c. The spindle apparatus is composed of protein molecules of tubulin. d. Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator. e. All of these are NOT true.

answer

e. All of these are NOT true.

question

The spindle apparatus begins to become visible during

answer

prophase.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of spindles? a. They are permanent cell structures. b. Centrosomes act as microtubule originating centers for spindles. c. Some of their microtubules overlap at the cell equator. d. Tubulin is the main component. e. They are bipolar.

answer

a. They are permanent cell structures.

question

In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during the stages of mitosis?

answer

fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope

question

Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means

answer

thread.

question

The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during

answer

metaphase.

question

In which of the stages below does each chromosome consist of two DNA molecules? I. metaphase II. telophase III. prophase IV. anaphase

answer

I and III

question

The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during

answer

anaphase.

question

The chromosomes move to opposite poles during

answer

anaphase.

question

The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles during

answer

telophase.

question

The nuclear membrane re-forms during

answer

interphase.

question

The entire process of producing two cells from one cell

answer

starts with prophase and ends with cytokinesis.

question

Which of the following statements is false?

answer

Genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase.

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anaphase? a.When sister chromatids separate, each is called a chromosome. b.Motor proteins drag chromosomes towards the poles. c.Some microtubules ratchet past each other, pushing the poles farther apart. d.Kinetochore microtubules shrink at both ends. e.All of these are true.

answer

All of these are true.

question

When a cell undergoes mitosis,

answer

the daughter cells have identical genes, and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.

question

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis? I. metaphase II. telophase III. prophase IV. anaphase a. I, III, IV, II b. I, II, III, IV c. III, I, IV, II d. IV, I, III, II e. III, IV, I, II

answer

c. III, I, IV, II

question

Cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) a. differs in plant and animal cells. b. usually accompanies nuclear division. c. involves microtubules and/or actin filaments. d. in plant cells utilizes an established zone marking the plane of division. e. does all of these.

answer

e. does all of these.

question

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during

answer

cytokinesis.

question

The cell plate is composed of

answer

cellulose and lignin.

question

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves all EXCEPT a. formation of a cell plate. b. a contractile ring mechanism. c. a deepening cleavage furrow. d. a ring of actin filaments under the plasma membrane at the equator. e. ATP.

answer

a. formation of a cell plate.

question

When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division, they form a tissue mass known as a

answer

tumor.

question

Unusual growth of cells that do not pose a threat to surrounding tissues are termed

answer

benign.

question

Which of the following statements concerning cancer cells is most accurate? a.Oncogenes are part of the regulatory section of a chromosome. b. Tumor cells have lost their inhibition to stop dividing. c. Oncogenes help control runaway cell division. d. Benign tumors usually spread to other body parts. e. Metastasis is the spread of benign tumors.

answer

b. Tumor cells have lost their inhibition to stop dividing.

question

Cancer cells... a.have altered plasma membranes. b.have a lessened ability to attach to other cells. c.divide to produce high densities of cells. d.show an amplified reliance on glycolysis. e.exhibit all of these.

answer

e. exhibit all of these.

question

Which characteristic seems to be most uniquely correlated with metastasis?

answer

changes in recognition proteins on membrane surfaces

question

Which of the following statements is false? a. Checkpoint gene products that inhibit mitosis are called proto-oncogenes. b. Metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into normal tissue. 40 c. Malignant tumors differ from benign tumors in that their cells migrate. d. Cancer cells have lost the ability to stop dividing. e. The parent cell that started a cancer may have undergone a checkpoint gene mutation.

answer

a. Checkpoint gene products that inhibit mitosis are called proto-oncogenes.

question

The spread of a cancer from one site to others in the body is known as

answer

metastasis.

question

A cancer-producing chemical is a(n)

answer

carcinogen.

question

If meiosis did NOT occur in sexually reproducing organisms

answer

the chromosome number would double in each generation.

question

Asexually produced daughter cells are

answer

identical to each other and to the parental cell.

question

Sexual reproduction

answer

results in new combinations of genetic traits.

question

Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are

answer

alleles.

question

Through meiosis a. alternate forms of genes are shuffled. b. parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes. c. the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid. d. offspring are provided with new gene combinations. e. all of these occur.

answer

e. all of these occur.

question

The essence of meiosis is that

answer

each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed.

question

Homologous chromosomes a. pair up during meiosis. b. have alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same. c. are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother. d. separate from each other during meiosis I. e. all of these.

answer

e. all of these.

question

Chromosomes of a pair of homologous chromosomes may differ from other chromosomes in terms of a. size. b. shape. c. the alleles they carry. d. the position of the centromere. e. all of these.

answer

e. all of these.

question

Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?

answer

sister

question

Chromatids are

answer

attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs

question

Sister chromatids are separated from each other during

answer

anaphase II

question

Crossing over occurs during

answer

prophase I.

question

Crossing over does what?

answer

results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells.

question

During which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?

answer

prophase I

question

Anaphase

answer

is initiated when the chromosomes begin to move apart.

question

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during

answer

metaphase I

question

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

answer

it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes.

question

Which of the following does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis? a.cytokinesis b. pairing of homologues c. formation of a bipolar spindle d. crossing over e. condensation of chromosomes

answer

a.cytokinesis

question

There are ____ molecules of DNA in a developing human sperm cell at the beginning of prophase I.

answer

92

question

Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase II but does occur in prophase I?

answer

crossing over and pairing of homologues only

question

Major gene reshuffling takes place during which phase?

answer

prophase I.

question

Crossing over

answer

increases variability in gametes.

question

If a child more strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during

answer

anaphase I.

question

Which of the following is TRUE at the end of telophase I in corn (20 chromosomes)?

answer

Each cell has 10 chromosomes, each chromosome is double - stranded, and centromeres connect sister chromatids.

question

If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 4 pairs of chromosomes, it can produce ____ different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes (disregarding crossing over).

answer

16

question

Independent assortment refers to which of the following statements?

answer

Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole.

question

During prophase II,

answer

a new bipolar spindle forms.

question

During meiosis II,

answer

sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.

question

Meiosis typically results in the production of

answer

four haploid cells.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes? a. The haploid number is 23. b. The diploid number is 46. c. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. d. Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes. e. Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

answer

d. Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes

question

Gamete formation is

answer

the formation of sex cells.

question

Which of the following cells is NOT haploid? a. secondary spermatocyte b. sperm c. primary oocyte d. spermatids e. polar bodies

answer

c. primary oocyte

question

Which of the following will NOT develop into one or more gametes? a. spermatogonium b. polar bodies c. primary oocyte d. spermatid e. secondary spermatocyte

answer

b. polar bodies

question

Polar bodies a. are dumping places for excess genetic material. b. have no known biological function. c. are produced by meiosis. d. will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg. e. all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg.

answer

e. all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg.

question

Sperm are formed from the direct maturation of

answer

spermatids.

question

The mature ovum is produced by maturation of the a. oogonium. b. primary oocyte. c. secondary polar body. d. polar body I. e. none of these.

answer

e. none of these.

question

Fertilization of plant gametes produces a

answer

zygote

question

Which of the following does NOT produce variation? a. crossing over b. random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis c. asexual reproduction d. genetic recombination of alleles e. sexual reproduction

answer

asexual reproduction

question

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true? a. Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II. b. Both processes result in four cells. c. Pairing of homologues occurs in both. d. Chromatids are present only in mitosis. e. Meiosis II resembles mitosis.

answer

e. Meiosis II resembles mitosis.

question

Which event occurs in mitosis but NOT in meiosis? a. bipolar spindle formation b. tethering of chromosomes to microtubules c. chromosomes dragged to poles by microtubules d. nuclear envelopes breaking up and reforming e. none of these

answer

e. none of these

question

Which of the following may provide clues to the evolution of sexual reproduction? a. similarities between mitosis and meiosis at the cellular level b. similarities between mitosis and meiosis at the molecular level c. gene products common to mitosis and meiosis that repair DNA d. gene products produced by an asexually reproducing species that are identical to those that serve in meiosis e. all of these

answer

e. all of these

question

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of both DNA and proteins. True or False?

answer

T

question

Most prokaryotes reproduce via a form of asexual reproduction called prokaryotic fission. True or False?

answer

T

question

The uncoiled DNA in a eukaryotic cell is much longer than the cell itself. True or False?

answer

T

question

Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of only DNA. True or False?

answer

F

question

Mutations may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral to the cell or organism in which they occur. True or False?

answer

T

question

The abbreviation DNA stands for ________.

answer

deoxyribonucleic acid

question

Nucleotides are the building blocks of ________ and ________.

answer

DNA and RNA (or nucleic acids)

question

Inside the nucleus, the two strands of nucleic acids that exist in the form of a double helix make up the molecule called ________.

answer

DNA

question

Heritable information exists as discrete units called genes, which are located on ________.

answer

Chromosomes

question

What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

answer

deoxyribose

question

Name the four different nitrogen-containing bases that are found in DNA.

answer

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

question

Based on this figure, the rules for nucleotide base pairing in DNA must be

answer

D. adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine

question

Based on this figure, what would be the consequence of exposure to a synthetic chemical in the environment that mimics the structure and shape of a growth factor?

answer

D. DNA replication would be stimulated even though the actual growth factor was not present

question

In the karyotype of a person with Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, an extra copy of chromosome 21 is apparent. This abnormality affects roughly 1 of every 700 children born and is the most common serious birth defect in the United States. People affected by Down syndrome often have mental retardation and shortened life spans. -Based on this scenario and your understanding of meiosis, what is the most likely basis for the extra chromosome in people with Down syndrome?

answer

A failure of one pair of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I could have resulted in an extra chromosome 21 being incorporated into a parental gamete. Then the extra chromosome would be inherited along with the normal maternal and paternal copies of chromosome 21

question

The ant Myrmecia pilosula has the smallest number of chromosomes possible in a eukaryote: females possess only one pair of chromosomes, and males have only one chromosome! Put another way, female M. pilosula can be described as having the haploid condition n = 1 and the diploid condition 2n = 2. Based on this scenario as well as your knowledge of gamete formation, a female M. pilosula can produce gametes with ________ different sets of chromosomes.

answer

two

BI 102 Exam 1 (Chapter 9) – Flashcards

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