question

A mistake during DNA replication prevents the trp repressor from binding to the operon operator. When these cells are placed in a solution containing chicken broth, what happens?

answer

Tryptophan would bind to the repressor.

question

What controls the way in which a zygote differentiates?

answer

Selective genes are turned on and off, depending on the fate of the cell.

question

In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell

answer

becomes a Barr body.

question

The coding regions of a gene (the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called

answer

exons

question

Alternative RNA splicing has revealed inaccuracies in the one gene - one polypeptide hypothesis. Why?

answer

Transcription of the same gene can lead to the production of different mRNAs.

question

After translation is complete, the insulin polypeptide is activated by _____

answer

the cutting of the initial translation product to yield two shorter chains joined together by sulfur linkages

question

Which of the following statements about fruit fly development is false?

answer

The location of the head and tail ends of the egg is primarily determined by the location of sperm entry during fertilization.

question

A researcher performs a DNA microarray but forgets to add the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This is important because the enzyme makes _____ from a(n) _____ template.

answer

cDNA ... mRNA

question

To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the

answer

plasma membrane.

question

Researchers have used yeast mating systems as model systems to study

answer

signal transduction systems

question

Half the trees in an orchard were derived from rootstock "A" and half from rootstock "B," but all the trees had the same scion. If the trees grafted onto rootstock "A" were infected by a parasite that causes blossom rot, the trees grafted onto rootstock B

answer

would be very likely to become infected, because the remaining scions are genetically identical to those that are already infected.

question

Using nuclear transplantation, it is possible to generate _____ for therapeutic uses.

answer

blastocysts

question

Since the first animal was produced using a fully differentiated cell, a number of observations have been made. Which of the following statements is true in regard to reproductive cloning?

answer

Cloned animals develop chronic conditions that are usually only associated with old age.

question

Stem cells could be immensely important in the treatment of which of the following conditions?

answer

spinal cord injuries

question

Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

answer

Adult, but not embryonic, stem cells can be grown in laboratory culture.

question

Proto-oncogenes have the potential to become oncogenes. Which of the following is most likely to lead to cancer?

answer

a mutation that causes the proto-oncogene to become overactive

question

A gene that can cause cancer when present in a single copy in a cell is called a(n)

answer

oncogene.

question

Colonoscopy is the examination of the large colon. It allows for visual diagnosis of ulcers and polyps, which may lead to colon cancer. A polyp _____.

answer

is a cluster of abnormal cells

question

The development of colon cancer occurs slowly, and colon cancer is more frequently seen in the elderly than the young. This is most likely because

answer

four or more somatic mutations must occur to give rise to the cancer, which takes time.

question

The carcinogen known to cause the most cases and types of cancer is

answer

tobacco

question

In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, defines

answer

an operon

question

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is an X-linked disorder that results in the absence of sweat glands. How would this condition be manifested in a heterozygous female?

answer

She would have a random pattern of tissue with and without sweat glands.

question

In eukaryotic cells, several proteins are involved in the process of transcription. This process involves enhancers that are _____.

answer

bound by activators, causing DNA to bend

question

When are DNA molecules the least tightly coiled?

answer

S phase of interphase

question

MicroRNA (miRNA) controls _____.

answer

translation

question

After translation is complete, the insulin polypeptide is activated by _____.

answer

the cutting of the initial translation product to yield two shorter chains joined together by sulfur linkages

question

In embryonic mice, a homeotic gene controls development of the neck, which includes the larynx and thymus. If this gene were deleted, a full-term mouse would show _____.

answer

lack of development of the larynx and thymus

question

Yeast are able to communicate with each other

answer

through chemical signaling

question

Since the first animal was produced using a fully differentiated cell, a number of observations have been made. Which of the following statements is true in regard to reproductive cloning?

answer

Cloned animals develop chronic conditions that are usually only associated with old age.

question

The Rb protein prevents mitosis by inhibiting cells from entering S phase. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to inhibit the action of the Rb protein in cervical epithelial cells. What would be the effect of cervical cells being infected with HPV?

answer

the mitotic rate would increase

question

A gene that can cause cancer when present in a single copy in a cell is called a(n)

answer

oncogene

question

Mutations in the proto-oncogene ras and the tumor suppressor gene p53

answer

disrupt normal regulation of the cell cycle.

question

n humans, the most common cancer is _____.

answer

lung cancer

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