LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE CHAPTER 19 – Flashcards
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BIOLOGIC RESPONSE MODIFIERS
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SUBSTANCES PRODUCED BY NORMAL CELLS THAT EITHER DIRECTLY BLOCK TUMOR GROWTH OR STIMULATE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO FIGHT CANCER
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ALKYLATING AGENTS
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SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS CONTAINING ALKYL GROUPS THAT INTERFERE WITH DNA SYNTHESIS
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ANAPLASIA
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LOSS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS
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APOPTOSIS
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PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
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ANTIMETABOLITES
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CHEMICALS THAT PREVENT CELL DIVISION BY INHIBITING FORMATION OF SUBSTANCES NECESSARY TO MAKE DNA
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ANGIOGENESIS
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PROCESS OF FORMING NEW BLOOD VESSELS
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BENIGN TUMOR
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NONCANCEROUS GROWTH
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ANTIBIOTICS
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CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, PRODUCED BY BACTERIA OR PRIMITIVE PLANTS; INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF CELLS IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
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ANTIMIOTICS
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DRUGS THAT BLOCK MITOSIS (CELL DIVISION)
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ADJUVANT THERAPY
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ASSISTING PRIMARY TREATMENT
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CHEMOTHERAPY
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TREATMENT WITH DRUGS
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DNA
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GENETIC MATERIAL WITHIN THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL
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CARCINOMA
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CANCEROUS TUMOR
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DIFFERENTIATING AGENTS
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DRUGS THAT PROMOTE TUMOR CELLS TO DIFFERENTIATE, STOP GROWING, AND DIE
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CELLULAR ONCOGENS
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PIECES OF DNA THAT CAN CAUSE A NORMAL CELL TO BECOME MALIGNANT
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DEDIFFERENTIATION
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LOSS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS; REVERSION TO A MORE PRIMITIVE TYPE; ANAPLASIA
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CARCINOGENS
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AGENTS THAT CAUSE CANCER; CHEMICALS, DRUGS, RADIATION, VIRUSES
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BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
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USE OF THE BODY'S OWN DEFENSES TO DESTROY TUMOR CELLS
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ELECTRON BEAMS
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LOW-ENERGY BEAMS OF RADIATION FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN OR SURFACE TUMORS
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DIFFERENTIATION
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SPECIALIZATION OF CELLS
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GRAY
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UNIT OF ABSORBED RADIATION DOSE
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IRRADIATION
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EXPOSURE TO ANY FORM OF RADIANT ENERGY SUCH AS LIGHT, HEAT, OR ERAYS
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GRADING OF TUMORS
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EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF MATURITY OF TUMOR CELLS
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FRACTIONATION
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GIVING RADIATION IN SMALL, REPEATED DOSES
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MITOSIS
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REPLICATION OF CELLS; TWO IDENTICAL CELLS FROM A PARENT CELL
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METASTASIS
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SPREAD OF A MALIGNANT TUMOR TO A SECONDARY SITE
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MORBIDITY
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CONDITION OF BEING DISCUSSED
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GENETIC SCREENING
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FAMILY MEMBERS ARE TESTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY HAVE INHERITED A CANCER-CAUSING GENE
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EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION
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RADIATION APPLIED TO A TUMOR FROM A DISTANT SOURCE
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MODALITY
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METHOD OF TREATMENT, SUCH AS SURGERY, CHEMOTHERAPY, OR RADIATION
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RADIATION
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ENERGY CARRIED BY A STREAM OF PARTICLES
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NUCLEOTIDE
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UNIT OF DNA COMPOSED OF A SUGAR, PHOSPHATE, AND A BASE
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PEDUNCULATED
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POSSESSING A STEM OR STALK (PEDUNCLE)
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PROTON THERAPY
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SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PRODUCED BY A CYCLOTRON DEPOSIT AN ABSORBED DOSE OF RADIATION AT A FOCUSED POINT IN THE BODY
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NEOPLASM
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NEW GROWTH (TUMOR)
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PROTOCOL
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DETAILED PLAN FOR TREATMENT
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MUTATION
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CHANGE IN GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) OF A CELL
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PALLIATIVE
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RELIEVING, BUT NOT CURING SYMPTOMS
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MUCINOUS
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CONTAINING MUCUS
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SIMULATION
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STUDY USING CT SCAN OR MRI TO MAP TREATMENT PRIOR TO RADIATION TREATMENT
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RELAPSE
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RETURN OF SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
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RADIOTHERAPY
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TREATMENT OF TUMORS USING RADIATION; RADIATION ONCOLOGY
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STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY
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DOSE OF RADIATION DELIVERED UNDER HIGHLY PRECISE GUIDANCE (GAMMA KNIFE SURGERY)
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RADIOCURABLE TUMOR
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TUMOR CELLS THAT ARE DESTROYED BY RADIATION THERAPY
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REMISSION
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PARTIAL OR COMPLETE DISAPPEARANCE OF SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
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RADIORESISTANT TUMOR
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TUMOR CELLS THAT REQUIRE LARGE DOSES OF RADIATION TO BE DESTROYED
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RNA
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CELLULAR SUBSTANCE THAT ALONG WITH DNA PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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RADIOSENSITIZERS
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DRUGS THAT INCREASE THE SENSITIVITY OF TUMORS TO XRAYS
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STEROIDS
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COMPLEX, NATURALLY OCCURING CHEMICALS (SUCH AS HORMONES) THAT ARE USED IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
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SARCOMA
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CANCEROUS TUOR DERIVED FROM CONNECTIVE OR FLESH TISSUE
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RADIOSENSITIVE TUMOR
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TUMOR IN WHICH RADIATION CAN CAUSE THE DEATH OF CELLS WITHOUT SERIOUS DAMAGE TO SURROUNDING TISSUE
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CARCINOMA IN SITU
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LOCALIZED CANCER; CONFINED TO THE SITE OF ORIGIN
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CRYOSURGERY
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SURGERY WITH USING COLD TEMPERATURES
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CACHEXIA
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GENERAL ILL HEALTH AND MALNUTRITION
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FOLLICULAR
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PERTAINING TO SMALL GLANDULAR SACS, AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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ELECTROCAUTERIZATION
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BURNING TISSUE USING ELECTRICITY
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CYSTIC TUMOR
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PERTAINING TO A TUMOR WITH LARGE OPEN SPACES FILLED WITH FLUID
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FUNGATING TUMOR
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MUSHROOMING PATTERN OF TUMOR GROWTH
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NECROTIC TUMOR
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PERTAINING TO A TUMOR CONTAINING DEAD TISSUE
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MUCOSITIS
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INFLAMMATION OF A MUCOUS MEMBRANE
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MUTAGENIC
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PERTAINING TO CAUSING GENETIC CHANGE
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PAPILLARY
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FORMING SMALL FINGER-LIKE OR NIPPLE-LIKE PROJECTION OF CELLS AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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ONCOLOGY
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STUDY OF TUMORS
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PLEOMORPHIC
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TUMOR CELLS FORMING A VARIETY OF CELLS, AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
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TUMORS OF FIBROUS TISSUE SURROUNDING NERVES (A GENETIC DISORDER)
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DYSPLASTIC
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ABNORMAL-APPEARING (BUT NOT CLEARLY CANCEROUS) CELLS AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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MEDULLARY TUMOR
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PERTAINING TO A LARGE, SOFT FLESHY TUMOR
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SCIRRHOUS
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DENSELY PACKED TUMOR CELLS, AS SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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RADIATION
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USE OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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ANGIOGENESIS
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FORMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
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POLYPOID TUMOR
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GROWTHS THAT ARE LIKE PROJECTIONS EXTENDING OUTWARD FROM A BASE
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RETINOBLASTOMA
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CHILDHOOD CANCER ARISING FROM IMMATURE CELLS IN THE POSTERIOR, LIGHT-SENSITIVE AREA OF THE EYE
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NEUROBLASTOMA
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CHILDHOOD CANCER THAT ARISES IN IMMATURE CELLS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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XEROSTOMIA
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CONDITION OF DRY MOUTH
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OSTEOSARCOMA
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MALIGNANT TUMOR OF BONE
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ADENOMA
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MALIGNANT TUMOR OF GLANDULAR TISSUE
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HYPERPLASIA
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CONDITION OF EXCESSIVE FORMATION OF CELLS
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RADIOTHERAPY
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TREATMENT USING IONIZING RADIATION TO DESTROY TUMOR CELLS
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PROTOCOL
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WRITTEN PLAN DETAILING THE PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED IN RESEARCH OR TREATMENT
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METASTASIS
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SPREAD OF A MALIGNANT TUMOR TO A DISTANT OR SECONDARY SITE
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TELETHERAPY
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RADIATION TREATMENT DELIVERED VIA A DISTANT SOURCE
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ANAPLASIA
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CONDITION OF LOSS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS (REVERSION TO A MORE PRIMITIVE FORMATION)
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EPIDERMOID
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CELLS THAT RESEMBLE EPITHELIAL CELLS, AS SEEN UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
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METAPLASIA
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ABNORMAL TRANSFORMATION OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS TO DIFFERENTIATED TISSUE OF ANOTHER KIND
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MYELOSUPPRESSION
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BONE MARROW ACTIVITY IS DECREASED (SIDE EFFECT OF CHEMOTHERAPY)
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BRACHYTHERAPY
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RADIATION DELIVERED IN CLOSE RANGE TO A TUMOR SITE
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MAMMOGRAPHY
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XRAY EXAMINATION OF THE BREAST TO DETECT BREAST CANCER
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BONE MARROW BIOPSY
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ASPIRATION OF BONE MARROW TISSUE AND EXAMINATION UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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LAPAROSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY USING SMALL INCISIONS AND AN ENDOSCOPE
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RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
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RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY AND IMAGES OF ORGANS ARE OBTAINED
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EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
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CELLS ARE SCRAPED FROM THE REGION OF SUSPECTED DISEASE AND EXAMINED UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
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CELLS THAT GIVE RISE TO BLOOD CELLS ARE INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY INTO A PATIENT
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FIBEROPTIC COLONOSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE COLON
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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
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LOCALIZING ANTIGENS OR PROTEINS IN TISSUES USING LABELED ANTIBODIES
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PROTEIN MARKER TESTS
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CA-125, PSA, BETA-HCG, AND CEA ARE DETECTED IN THE BLOOD OR ON THE SURFACE OF TUMOR CELLS
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CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY
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INSERTION OF A LARGE-BORE NEEDLE INTO TISSUE TO REMOVE CELLS FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
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CYTOGENIC ANALYSIS
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CHROMOSOMES OF NORMAL OR TUMOR CELLS ARE EXAMINED FOR BREAKS, TRANSLOCATIONS, OR DELETIONS OF DNA
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PET/CT SCAN
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COMBINATION OF TWO MACHINES; ONE TO EXAMINE CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ONE TO EXAMINE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE
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INFILTRATIVE
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EXTENDING BEYOND THE NORMAL TISSUE BOUNDARIES
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INVASIVE
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HAVING THE ABILITY TO ENTER AND DESTROY SURROUNDING TISSUE
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METASTASIS
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SPREADING TO A SECONDARY SITE
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MITOSIS
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REPLICATION OF CELLS; TWO IDENTICAL CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM A PARENT CELL
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RNA.
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CELLULAR SUBSTANCE THAT IS IMPORTANT IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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VIRUS
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INFECTIOUS AGENT THAT REPRODUCES BY ENTERING A HOST CELL AND USING THE HOST'S GENETIC MATERIAL TO MAKE COPIES OF ITSELF
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ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
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RAYS GIVEN OFF BY THE SUN
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CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN
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AN AGENT (HYDROCARBON, INSECTICIDE, HORMONE) THAT CAUSES CANCER
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DNA.
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GENETIC MATERIAL WITHIN THE NUCLEUS THAT CONTROLS REPLICATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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ONCOGENE
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REGION OF GENETIC MATERIAL THAT CAUSES CANCER; FOUND IN TUMOR CELLS OR VIRUSES
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FOLLICULAR
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SMALL GLAND-TYPE SACS
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UN...
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LACKING STRUCTURES TYPICAL OF MATURE CELLS
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INFLAMMATORY
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CHARACTERIZED BY REDNESS, SWELLING, AND HEAT
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MEDULLARY
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TUMORS ARE LARGE, SOFT, FLESHY
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NECROTIC
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CONTAINING DEAD TISSUE
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FUNGATING
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MUSHROOMING PATTERN OF GROWTH
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ULCERATING
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CHARACTERIZED BY LARGE, OPEN, EXPOSED SURFACES
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CYSTIC
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TUMORS FORM LARGE, OPEN SPACES FILLED WITH FLUID
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VERRUCOUS
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TUMORS RESEMBLE WART-LIKE GROWTHS
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POLYPOID
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GROWTHS ARE PROJECTIONS FROM A BASE (SESSILE AND PEDUNCULATED)
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FULGURATION
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BURNING A LESION
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EN BLOC RESECTION
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REMOVAL OF ENTIRE TUMOR WITH LARGE AREA OF SURROUNDING TISSUE AND LYMPH NODES
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INCISIONAL BIOPSY
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CUTTING INTO TUMOR AND REMOVING A PIECE TO ESTABLISH DIAGNOSIS
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EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
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REMOVAL OF TUMOR AND A MARGIN OF ABNORMAL TISSUE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE CURE FOR SMALL TUMORS
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CAUTERIZATION
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DESTRUCTION OF TISSUE USING HEAT
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PELVIC EXENTERATION
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WIDE RESECTION INVOLVING TUMOR, ORGAN OF ORIGIN, AND SURROUNDING TISSUE IN THE AREA OF THE HIP
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MORBIDITY
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CONDITION OF BEING UNWELL
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MODALITY
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METHOD OF TREATMENT
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ADJUVANT THERAPY
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ASSISTING PRIMARY TREATMENT
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HETA-HCG TEST
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TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF A PORTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN HORMONE (A MARKER FOR TESTICULAR CANCER)
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STAGING LAPAROTOMY
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INCISION OF THE ABDOMEN TO DETERMINE EXTENT OF DISEASE
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CA-125
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PROTEIN MARKER TEST TO DETECT OVARIAN CANCER CELLS IN BLOOD
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LAPAROSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY; PERITONEOSCOPY
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ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ASSAY
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TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF A HORMONE RECEPTOR ON BREAST CANCER CELLS
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BONE MARROW BIOPSY
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REMOVAL AND MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF BONE MARROW TISSUE
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CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY
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OBTAINING A PLUG OF TISSUE FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
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PSA TEST
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BLOOD TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF AN ANTIGEN RELATED TO PROSTATE CANCER
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CEA TEST
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BLOOD TEST FOR CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (MARKER FOR GI CANCER)
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LAPAROSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY USING SMALL INCISIONS AND AN ENDOSCOPE
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RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
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RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY AND IMAGES OF ORGANS ARE OBTAINED
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EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
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CELLS ARE SCRAPED FROM THE REGION OF SUSPECTED DISEASE AND EXAMINED UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
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CELLS THAT GIVE RISE TO BLOOD CELLS ARE INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY INTO A PATIENT
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FIBEROPTIC COLONOSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE COLON
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LAPAROSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY USING SMALL INCISIONS AND AN ENDOSCOPE
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RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
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RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY AND IMAGES OF ORGANS ARE OBTAINED
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EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
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CELLS ARE SCRAPED FROM THE REGION OF SUSPECTED DISEASE AND EXAMINED UNDER A MICROSCOPE
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BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
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CELLS THAT GIVE RISE TO BLOOD CELLS ARE INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY INTO A PATIENT
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LAPAROSCOPY
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VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY USING SMALL INCISIONS AND AN ENDOSCOPE
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RADIONUCLIDE SCANS
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RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY AND IMAGES OF ORGANS ARE OBTAINED
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EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
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CELLS ARE SCRAPED FROM THE REGION OF SUSPECTED DISEASE AND EXAMINED UNDER A MICROSCOPE
