Pathophysiology Chapters 4&5 – Flashcards
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What is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide?
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lung cancer
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Smoking and chewing tobacco are the leading causes of ____ cancer.
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head and neck
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Exposure to asbestos increases the risk for cancer of the membranes of many internal organs and is commonly known as ____.
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mesothelioma
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Surgical treatments for breast cancer include mastectomy and ____.
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lumpectomy
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Which of the following are risk factors for ovarian cancer?
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Polycystic ovary disease Endometriosis History of pelvic inflammatory disease
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A definitive diagnosis of cancer is made pending the results of a(n) ____.
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biopsy
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Life expectancy for men who are surgical candidates for prostate cancer is ____.
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10 years
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The risk for testicular cancer is greatest in men ____ years of age.
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30-40
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Greater than 90% of esophageal cancer is attributed to ____.
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Inadequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables Alcohol use Tobacco use
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The most important risk for bladder cancer in approximately 65% of males and 30% of females is ____.
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Cigarette smoking
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The most common symptom of bladder cancer is ____.
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hematuria
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Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are cancers of ____ tissue.
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lymph
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A distinguishing feature between Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the presence of ____.
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Reed-Sternberg cells
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Massive proliferation of immature forms of white blood cells occurs in ____.
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Leukemia
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Malignant proliferation of pigment-producing cells occurs in ____.
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malignant melanoma
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The most common childhood cancer is ____.
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leukemia
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Cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that consists of immature embryonic like cells is known as a ____.
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neuroblastoma
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The leading risk factor for prostate cancer is ____.
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age
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The majority of melanoma appear on the ____ in men and on the ____ in women.
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Back, Legs
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Proliferation of abnormal whit blood cells occurs in ____.
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leukemia
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A renal tumor that is composed of cells that resemble embryonic glomeruli is known as ____.
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Wilms' tumor
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Cancer that occurs on the surface of bone is known as a(n) ____.
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osteosarcoma
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The prognosis and treatment of cancer is affected by ____.
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cancer stage chronic disease nutrition
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Beginning at the age of 50 years the American Cancer Society recommends a(n) ____ or ____ every 5 years for the detection of cancer in the colon or rectum in asymptomatic individuals.
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fecal occult blood, sigmoidoscopy
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A cancer-related checkup is recommended every ____ year(s) by the American Cancer Society for individuals age 20-39 years.
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3
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Neoplasia means ____.
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new growth
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The development of cancer is termed ____.
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carcinogenesis
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Population-based studies of cancer rates are used to characterize the ____ of cancer.
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epidemiology
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Hepatitis B and C are common causes of ____ cancer.
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liver
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Hilicobacter pylori infection is associated with ____ cancer.
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stomach
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What kind of trait tends to appear in each generation?
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dominant
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Which of the following is true of sex-linked traits?
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normally show up in males
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Accumulation of excess phenylalanine causes ____.
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PKU
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Which of the following is NOT considered a genetic disease?
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multiple sclerosis
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A chart showing a family genetic background is called a ____.
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pedigree
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Klinefelter's syndrome occurs in ____.
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males
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Down syndrome is the result of ____.
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trisomy 21
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Albinism is the lack of the production of ____.
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melanin
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The scientific study of inheritance is called ____.
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genetics
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The 22 pairs of matched chromosomes are called ____.
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autosomes
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What replicating molecule is found in the cell nucleus?
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DNA
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A matching set of genes for a given trait is called ____.
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homozygous
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Eggs and sperms are called ____.
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gametes
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Sex-linked implies ____.
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X chromosome
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Huntington's chorea is ____.
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autosomal dominant
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What drug group may be used to reduce familial hypercholesterolemia?
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statins
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What genetic disease affects about 10% of the black population?
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sicle cell anemia
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What culture is particularly impacted with Tay-Sachs disease?
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European Jews (Ashkenazi)
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What tropical disease has been associated with sickle cell trait?
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malaria
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Which of the following is true of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
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is a sex-linked disease
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Which of the following is true of red-green color blindness?
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is sex-linked
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Fragile X disorder tends to result in ____.
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mental impairment
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Tay-Sachs disease may be prevented by ____.
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genetic counseling
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What disorder leaves the person vulnerable to bleeding episodes?
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hemophilia
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Polydactly suggests ____.
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extra fingers or toes
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Those born with both testes and ovaries are known as ____.
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hermaphroditic
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What common procedure helps determine the gender of a fetus?
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amniocentesis
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Which statement is TRUE?
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Males normally suffer sex-linked disorders
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What autosomal dominant disease causes atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease?
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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After smoking, diet and ____ is the next largest contributor to cancer deaths.
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obesity
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Symptoms of lung cancer include wheezing, stridor or a high pitch during respiration, hoarseness, and ____ or difficulty speaking.
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dysphagia
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The ____ for the development of breast cancer include age, female gender, and personal family history of breast cancer.
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risk factor
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Cancers of the colon and rectum are most common in ____ societies where consumption of high fats, refined carbohydrates, and animal proteins, combined with low physical activity, is common.
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western
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Enlargement of the liver, also known as ____, may be a sign of liver cancer.
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hepatomegaly
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Molecular and epidemiological studies has shown that certain infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) types are central to the development of ____ cancer.
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cervical
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The most common sign of uterine cancer is ____, or uterine bleeding, especially after menopause.
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metrorragia
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The X and Y chromosomes are called ____ chromosomes.
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sex
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Hemophilia is a(n) ____ trait.
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sex-linked
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An individual without skin pigment would be a(n) ____.
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albinio
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Cancer-causing genes are known as ____.
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oncogenes
