Chapter 9 Bio 111 – Flashcards
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In a typical human body cell, how many chromosomes are there?
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46
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The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the:
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X and Y chromosomes.
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In a typical human body cell, how many sex chromosomes are there?
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2
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During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in:
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four haploid cells.
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During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur?
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the S phase of interphase
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Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can:
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occur in less than a half an hour.
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What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?
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They bind the DNA into a supercoiled structure.
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During meiosis, maternal and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites called:
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chiasmata.
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Which phase of mitosis is a "preparatory" step involving the development of spindle microtubules?
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prophase
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During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres line up along the cell equator?
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metaphase
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In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by binary fission:
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are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.
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Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?
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most brain cells
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A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a:
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karotype
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Chiasmata are the locations of:
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crossing over.
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What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.
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What occurs immediately following cytokinesis?
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the G1 portion of interphase
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Cancer is essentially:
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unregulated mitotic cell division.
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In prokaryotes, the DNA strand is:
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circular
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In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by:
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meiosis
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All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT:
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binary fission
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Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?
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They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
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One difference between mitotic cell division in animal cells and plant cells is that:
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in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.
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The different forms of a gene-for example, those responsible for eye color-are called:
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alleles
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In DNA, phosphate binds to:
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deoxyribose
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Genetic inheritance is based on the "blueprint" of:
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DNA
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Which of the following occurs during meiosis?
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Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
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In animal cells, spindle microtubules originate from structures called:
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centrioles
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division?
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prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
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The DNA in a chromosome most resembles:
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a spiral staircase
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Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?
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diploid cell
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During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?
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telophase
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The protein-containing structure on the centromere where microtubules attach is called the:
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kinetochore.
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When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) ________ is produced.
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zygote
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In prokaryotes, the term "binary fission" specifically refers to:
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asexual reproduction
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What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?
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cell growth
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The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the:
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centromere
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Cdk's are activated only when they bind to:
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cyclin
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The genetic material in bacteria consists of:
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one circular DNA molecule.
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The two ends of a single chromosome are called:
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telomeres
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When a cell divides via asexual reproduction:
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each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.
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During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?
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the G1 phase of interphase
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In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?
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a chromatid
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Growth factors stimulate:
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cyclin production
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A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called:
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binary fission
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Each of your body cells:
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contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.
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In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have:
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separated
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Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?
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telophase
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Which of the following is represented by birds?
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diploid life cycle
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Meiotic cell division occurs in the ________ and results in the production of ________.
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reproductive tissues; gametes
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How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?
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Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane-bound organelle.
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The "Pac-Man" activity of motor proteins as they gobble up and shorten the microtubules occurs during which phase of mitosis?
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anaphase
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During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?
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prophase
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If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its:
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normal rate of cyclin production will not be affected.
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
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anaphase
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All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT:
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phospholipid
