question

Sports medicine

answer

managing musculoskeletal ailments

question

Exercise medicine

answer

- promoting health and wellness through the increased use of physical activity and exercise as a prevention and treatment of disease - providing brief interventions on physical activity advice, every consultant

question

Physical activity

answer

any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure

question

Energy expended is a product of FITT

answer

- frequency - intensity (effort) - time - type

question

Exercise

answer

physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful

question

Exercise is aimed at

answer

improving or maintaining one or more components of physical exercise

question

Clinical practice prefers the term ________________ of exercise

answer

physical activity

question

Physical fitness

answer

a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to their ability to perform physical activity

question

Types of physical fitness

answer

- cardiorespiratory endurance - muscular strength - balance and coordination - flexibility

question

Physical fitness is influenced by

answer

genetics, health, physical activity and exercise

question

Types of physical activity

answer

- occupational tasks - household chores, everyday activities - leisure time including physical activity and exercise - environment and active travel

question

Massive health benefits of physical fitness

answer

- reduced risk of death - reduced risk of non-communicable diseases

question

Morris (1953) - Lancet

answer

- myocardial infarcts in London bus workers, railroad workers - sedentary staff had a higher rate - limitations confounding, self-selected population - less relevant today

question

Independent risk factor for all-all cause mortality (highest to lowest risk of death)

answer

- low fitness - smoking - hypertension - high cholesterol

question

Poor muscle strength

answer

- risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality

question

National heart forum

answer

more coronary heart disease deaths are attributable to physical inactivity (37%) than smoking (19%) and hypertension (13%) put together

question

Remaining physically active or improving levels of physical activity, reduces the risk of death and CVD by _____

answer

half

question

Physical activity/ fitness needs to be_______ to maximise the effects

answer

current

question

Age is _______ to benefits gained from physical exercise

answer

irrelevant

question

Relative risks of CVD and all-cause mortality with different fitness

answer

CVD: - never fit (1.0) - improved fitness (0.48) - always fit (0.22) All-cause mortality - never fit (1.0) - improved fitness (0.56) - always fit (0.33)

question

Overweight and class 1 obesity are always/not always good predictors of premature mortality

answer

not always - low fitness levels matter - some physical activity, even if you are overweight is hugely beneficial

question

Physical activity and obesity

answer

- energy intake > energy expenditure - relative contribution of each is debatable

question

Problem with physical activity and obesity

answer

it is not easy to get people to exercise more or change their diet

question

Sitting up to 6+ hours a day makes up to __% more likely to die within 15 years than someone who sits less than 3 even if you exercise

answer

40

question

Population attributable risk of physical inactivity and low fitness of all premature deaths

answer

15-17%

question

Population attributable risk

answer

= Relative Risk x Population Exposed

question

Cancer causes __% of UK deaths

answer

25

question

__% of cancers due to 9 modifiable risk factors (including physical inactivity)

answer

35

question

Physical activity can reduce the risk of colon cancer by

answer

35%

question

Physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer by

answer

25%

question

Physical activity can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer by

answer

30%

question

Population attributable risk of physical inactivity on common cancers

answer

- 15% of colon cancer - 10% of post-menopausal breast cancer

question

Percentage of UK population with type II diabetes

answer

5.38%

question

Percentage of type II diabetes preventable with lifestyle changes

answer

80%

question

Diet and physical activity are as effective as drugs in preventing type II diabetes in those with impaired

answer

fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance

question

Age causes reductions in

answer

- VO2 max - strength - flexibility - proprioception - muscle mass - mobilitiy

question

Age is associated with

answer

sedentary behaviour

question

Physical activity throughout life is association with which improvements in old age

answer

- improved memory and reduced cognitive decline - reduced mortality, disease, disability and medical treatment - increased quality of life - strength correlated with independence

question

Osteoporotic fractures in those over 50 years for men and women

answer

- 30% women - 12% men *mainly falls

question

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of hip fractures by

answer

55%

question

Reduced risk of fracture in osteoporosis associated with increased physical activity can be explained by

answer

- increased muscle strength - improved proprioception, coordination, gait and reaction time

question

Regular high-impact training is associated with _______ in osteoporosis

answer

Small increases in bone mineral density (1-3%)

question

Strong evidence for risk reduction and physical activity in

answer

- all-cause mortality (30%) - CVD, CHD, stroke (20-35%) - Type II diabetes (35-50%) - Metabolic syndrome (30-40%) - Hip fractures (36-68%) - Colon cancer (30%) - Breast cancer (20%)

question

Moderate risk reduction in______ due physical activity

answer

functional health (30%)

question

Exercise potentially as effective as ______ for common diseases

answer

- drugs - metaepidemiology study - BMJ study

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (cardiovascular) - 5

answer

- stroke - myocardial infarction (MI) - peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - coronary heart disease (CHD) - heart failure

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (respiratory) - 3

answer

- asthma - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - cystic fibrosis

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (musculoskeletal) - 5

answer

- rheumatoid arthritis - osteoarthritis - hip fractures - low back pain - fibromyalgia

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (endocrine) - 1

answer

- diabetes

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (psychiatric and neurological) - 4

answer

- depression - dementia - schizophrenia - Parkinson's disease

question

Conditions that physical activity helps to prevent or manage (cancer) - 2

answer

- breast - colon

question

Risk factors that physical activity helps to prevent or manage - 3

answer

- obesity - high blood pressure - high cholesterol

question

Physical activity mentioned in at least __ pieces of NICE and NICE guidelines

answer

76

question

Cost of physical inactivity to the NHS per year

answer

£1.89 billion

question

Cost of physical inactivity to the national economy per year

answer

£20 billion

question

Number of premature deaths that could be prevented annual in the UK with physical activity

answer

37,000

question

Dept. of Health physical activity guidelines for children <5 years old when walking

answer

min. 3 hours of physical activity per day

question

Dept. of Health physical activity guidelines for children 5-18 years old

answer

at least 1 hr of physical activity per day (moderate-vigorous intensity)

question

Dept. of Health physical activity guidelines for adults (19-64 years)

answer

30 minutes of moderate exercise 5 days/week OR 75 minutes of vigorous exercise spread across the week OR a combination of both - muscle strengthening 2 day/week

question

Moderate intensity exercise

answer

- increases respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate - feel warmer and may sweat if hot or humid - brisk walking, stair climbing, bike riding, dancing, swimming

question

Vigorous intensity exercise

answer

- sig. increase in RR and HR - unable to continue conversation - playing sport, running, aerobics, gym cardio

question

Muscle strengthening

answer

high resistance with a weight where no more than 10-15 repetitions are possible

question

Dept. of Health physical activity guidelines for adults (>64 years)

answer

- strengthening - balancing and coordination - additional health aims to reduce falls and increase independence

question

_% of adults met the minimum physical activity guidelines in the UK

answer

5

question

_% of adults who thought they met the minimum guidelines for physical activity in the UK

answer

70

question

Groups most likely to be active

answer

- Males age 16-24; 83% - Females age 35-44; 66%

question

Groups least likely to be active

answer

Elderly (>75 years): 30% males, 13% females

question

Obese people are less likely to be

answer

active

question

Obese people prefer exercise that is

answer

- supervised - people of the same sex and age - team-based - fixed time with scheduled sessions

question

Ethnic groups least likely to be physically active

answer

- South East Asian And Chinese - Bangladeshi's have lowest level of physical activity with double the proportion of sedentary people

question

Reducing physical inactivity by 10% if a target by which organisation

answer

WHO target "25 by 25" of 9 targets to reduce non-communicable disease (NCDs)

question

Roles of NHS commissioners

answer

- inspire local action by showing national leadership - integrate physical activity through clinical commissioning pathways - demonstrate local leadership to active networks of professionals to promote physical activity in clinical care - motivational interviewing into clinical assessment - support local physical activity champions in clinical settings - integrate active lifestyle messages into every service

question

The impact of brief (1-2 minutes) physical activity advice

answer

- meta-analysis of advice from health professionals of inactive individuals - > 12month follow-up - brief advice almost as effective as intensive action (NNT = 12) - more effective than smoking cessation advice (NNT = 30-50)

question

NNT

answer

number needed to treat to get one person to improve/stop, etc.

question

Brief physical activity advice only addressed _______% of the time in primary care

answer

20-32

Benefits of physical activity – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards