question

The term used by psychologists to describe the physical/emotional characteristics of the newborn child and young infant is_______________

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temperament (B)

question

People born during the same period of historical time are called___________

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a cohort (A)

question

Children have developed a capacity for self-recognition by the end of the_______ stage

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sensory motor (C)

question

The_________process teaches children what behaviors and attitudes are appropriate in their family,friendships, and culture.

answer

imprinting (C)

question

The onset of sexual maturation in adolescence is known as_______.

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puberty (D)

question

According to Erikson, developing a stable sense of self and making the transition from dependence an others to dependence on oneself is called________.

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identity formation (B)

question

The low point of parent-child relationships usually occurs in__________.

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early adolescents (B)

question

When adolescents are asked what they MOST dislike about themselves, they are most likely to say they dislike their_________.

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physical appearance (C)

question

Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death among adolescents.

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third (B)

question

The major turning point in most adults' lives is _________.

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having and raising children (D)

question

A time when some adults discover they no longer feel fulfilled in their jobs or personal lives and attempt to make a decisive shift in career or lifestyle is called_______.

answer

midlife crisis syndrome (C)

question

The majority of older adults are________.

answer

sexually active (C)

question

Older people who were often labeled as "senile" in the past, were most likely suffering from_______.

answer

Alzheimer's disease (D)

question

Studies of teenage killers have found that most of the killers had______experience with guns.

answer

Extensive (D)

question

Alzheimer's disease

answer

A neurological disorder, most commonly found in late adulthood, characterized by progressive losses in memory and cognition and by changes in personality.

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Gender identity

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A little girl's knowledge that she is a girl, and a little boy's knowledge that he is a boy.

question

Midlife crisis

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A time when adults discover they no longer feel fulfilled in their jobs or personal lives and attempt to make decisive shift in career or lifestyle.

question

Temperament

answer

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactions and emotional self-regulation.

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Which of the following is NOT an aspect of personality?

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unpredictable (D)

question

For Frued, the term "sexual instinct" refers to _______.

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any form of pleasure (C)

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For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the____

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id (A)

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According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the_____.

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collective unconscious (D)

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Marley is a joiner. She is interested in other people and events going on around her in the world. In Jung's view, she is an_______.

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extrovert (D)

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Alder's emphasis on people's positive social strivings has caused him to be labeled by many psychologists as the "father" of_______psychology.

answer

humanistic (A)

question

Erikson suggested that success in each of the eight life stages he outlined depends upon______.

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adjustment during the previous stage (D)

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Erikson argues that for people to establish a sense of intimacy, they must feel secure in their______.

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identity (A)

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Studies have found the "Big Five" dimensions of personality__________.

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may represent universal dimensions of personality across cultures (D)

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The most widely used objective personality test is the________.

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MMPI (D)

question

A behavorist would prefer_____ when assessing someone's personality.

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observation (B)

question

The Rorschach test relies on the interpretation of______ to understand personality.

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10 cards containing ink blots (C)

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When explaining personality, cognitive-social learning theorists put________ at the center of personality.

answer

mental processes (C)

question

According to Bandura, the expectancy that one's efforts will be successful is called_______.

answer

self-actualizing tendency (C)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of tools used by psychologists to measure personality?

answer

aptitude tests (D),

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Big Five

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Five traits or basic dimensions currently considered to be of central importance in describing personality.

question

Ego

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Freud's term for the part of the personality that mediates between environmental demands(reality), conscience(superego), and instinctual needs(id); now often used as a synonym for "self".

question

Fixation

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According to Freud, a partial or complete halt at some point in the individual's psychosexual development.

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Id

answer

In Freud's theory of personality, the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression.

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Introverts

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According to Jung, people who usually focus on their own thoughts and feelings.

question

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

answer

The most widely used objective personality test, originally intended for psychiatric diagnosis

question

Personality

answer

An individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persits over time and across situations.

question

Rorschach test

answer

A projective test composed of ambigous inkblots; the way people interpret the blots is thought to reveal aspects of their personality.

question

Self-efficacy

answer

According to Bandura, the expectancy that one's efforts will be successful

question

The College Life Stress Inventory(CLSI) measures__________.

answer

how much stress and change a student has undergone in given period (A)`

question

Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain a difficult goal is called______

answer

confrontation (C)

question

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school, Alyssa begins actively avoiding them whenever possible. Her coping style is best described as_________

answer

withdrawl (B)

question

John refuses to admit he has a problem with procrastination, even though his procrastination is creating many problems in his life. John is using______to cope with his problems.

answer

denial (A)

question

A corporate executive who feels guilty about the way she rose to power accuses her colleagues of ruthless ambition. Her behavior typifies_____.

answer

projection (B)

question

A student, angry that he failed what he felt was an unfair test, goes back to his dormitory and slams the door violently. This student is using the defense mechanism of_______.

answer

displacement (D)

question

People who respond to life events in an intense .time urgent manner are exhibiting a ______behavior pattern.

answer

Type A (A)

question

Prolonged stress has_____cancer.

answer

been shown to increase vulnerability to (C)

question

When recent or past highly stressful events result in anxiety,sleeplessness, and nightmares, a psychological disorder called_____ might be occurring

answer

posttraumatic stress disorder (C)

question

Which of the following accurately lists in order the stages of reactions to natural castrophes?

answer

shock stage, suggestible stage, recovery stage (B)

question

In addition to avoiding and coping better with stress, it is also important to _____ in order to maintain health.

answer

all of the above (E)

question

A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness is called______

answer

health psychology (C)

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding resistance to stress?

answer

Self-confident people tend to feel less stress than people who lack self-assurance. (C)

question

Adjustment

answer

any effort to cope with stress

question

Conflict

answer

Simultaneous existence of incompatible demands,opportunities, needs, or goals.

question

Defense mechanisms

answer

Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress including denial,repression, projection,identification,regression,intellectualization,reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation

question

Posttraumatic stress disorder

answer

psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety,sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past events

question

Projection

answer

Attributing one's repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others

question

Regression

answer

Reverting to childlike behaviors and defenses

question

Stress

answer

A state of psychological tension or strain

question

Stressor

answer

Any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation

Chapters 9, 10, 11 – Flashcards

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