Porth’s PrepU: Chapter 45: Disorder’s of GI Function – Flashcards
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The nurse has been providing dietary teaching to a client diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client selects:
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A bran muffin, fruit, and orange juice.
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A client has developed a ruptured appendix. The nurse is aware the client is at high risk for:
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Peritonitis
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The nurse is reviewing the medical history of four clients. The nurse determines that the client at greatest risk for developing peptic ulcer disease is:
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A client with a prior diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and refused treatment
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Malabsorption syndrome results in loss of fat in the stool and failure to absorb fat-soluble vitamins.
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True
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Crohn's disease not only affects adults but also can occur in children. The nurse assesses for which of the following major manifestations in children with Crohn's disease?
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Malnutrition
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A patient is admitted with chronic gastritis. The nurse expects which of the following invasive tests to be performed to establish the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
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Endoscopic biopsy
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A nurse is completing an abdominal assessment on a patient suspected to have appendicitis. When the nurse applies and then releases pressure in the patient's right lower quadrant, the patient experiences tenderness. The nurse is documenting the presence of which of the following?
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Rebound tenderness
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A nurse providing dietary guidance to a patient with celiac disease tells the patient that which of the following foods should be avoided?
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Wheat bread
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A teenager who has a history of achalasia will likely complain of which of the following clinical manifestations?
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Feeling like there is food stuck in the back of the throat
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Hiatal hernias can cause severe pain if the hernia is large. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common comorbidity of hiatal hernia, and, when this occurs, what might the hernia do?
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Retard esophageal acid clearance
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A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of strangulated bowel. The nurse anticipates the client will need:
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Surgery to release the bowel
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A 60-year-old male client has presented to his primary care provider to follow up with his ongoing treatment for peptic ulcer disease. What is the most likely goal of this client's pharmacologic treatment?
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Inhibiting gastric acid production
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A 66-year-old woman has been diagnosed with diverticular disease based on her recent complaints and the results of a computed tomography (CT) scan. Which of the client's following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?
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"I suppose I should try to eat a bit more fiber in my diet."
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An ultrasound has confirmed appendicitis as the cause of a 20-year-old man's sudden abdominal pain. Which of the following etiologic processes is implicated in the development of appendicitis?
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Obstruction of the intestinal lumen
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The nurse is teaching her patient with hepatobiliary disease about her diet. She tells her that she may have steatorrhea, which is the malabsorption of which dietary component?
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Fat
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The most common forms of peptic ulcer are duodenal and gastric ulcers. Which of the following are the most common risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
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Pharmacologic treatment for peptic ulcers has changed over the past several decades. The nurse knows that the goal for pharmacologic treatment is focused on which of the following?
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Eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
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A rare condition caused by gastrin-secreting tumors most commonly found in the small intestine or pancreas is called which of the following?
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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Crohn's disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be defined by which of the following descriptions?
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Cobblestone
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Crohn's disease has a distinguishing pattern in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The surface has granulomatous lesions surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. A complication of the pattern includes which of the following?
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Fistula formation
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The incidence of stomach cancer has significantly decreased in the United States, yet it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The nurse understands the reason for the high mortality rate in stomach cancer is because of which of the following reasons?
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Patients have few early symptoms of the disease.
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The cause of gastric carcinomas has been influenced by which of the following factors? Select all that apply.
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Strain of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Environmental factors Family history
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Crohn's disease is treated by several measures. Treatment with corticosteroids focuses on which of the following?
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Inflammatory suppression
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In the treatment of Crohn's disease, many medications are used to mediate the inflammatory process. One specific medication that is used is infliximab, a monoclonal antibody. The nurse is aware that infliximab functions in which of the following ways?
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Targets destruction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
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Good hand-washing techniques are important in healthcare. The nurse knows that bacterial infections can be prevented by good hand-washing techniques. Which of the following routes of transmission is most common for Clostridium difficile?
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Fecal-oral transmission
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In patients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the priority assessment in all patients with diarrhea is which of the following?
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Fluid and electrolyte status
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Upon admission, a patient tells the nurse that he takes aspirin every 4 hours every day. The nurse determines that this patient is at risk for which of the following?
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Peptic ulcer
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One of the accepted methods of screening for colorectal cancer is testing for occult blood in the stool. Because it is possible to get a false-positive result on these tests, the nurse would instruct the client to do what?
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Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 1 week prior to testing
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After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to best address the woman's health problem?
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Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals
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A 68-year-old man who has smoked for at least 50 years reports that lately he feels as though food is "getting stuck" in his throat. At first this was a problem just with dry food, but now his morning oatmeal is getting stuck. On questioning, he reports drinking at least five alcoholic beverages nearly every day. His problem is most likely:
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squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
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Select the client at greatest risk for developing colorectal cancer
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A 64-year-old female whose mother had colorectal cancer
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A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Crohn disease about potential complications. The most appropriate information for the nurse to include would be:
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Fistula formation
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The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic diarrhea. She knows that this condition could be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply.
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Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis Lactase deficiency Fecal impaction
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In the balance of secretions in the gastric mucosa by the parietal cells, which of the following ions is produced to buffer the production of hydrochloric acid?
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HCO3-
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Symptoms of gastric cancer include vague epigastric pain, which makes early detection difficult. The nurse would expect a patient to undergo which of the following diagnostic examinations to determine the location of the gastric cancer?
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Barium x-ray
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An elderly patient has been placed on a broad-spectrum antibiotic for a recurrent urinary tract infection. Which of the following potential problems would the nurse anticipate in this patient?
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Colonization of Clostridium difficile
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An elderly patient presents with loose mucousy stools. The nurse suspects the patient has Clostridium difficile. What is a priority assessment for the nurse?
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Ask the patient about his or her antibiotic use
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A nurse administering a patient's medication tells the patient that a proton pump inhibitor has been added. When the patient asks the purpose of the medication, the nurse responds that it is to prevent which of the following?
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Stress ulcer
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A nurse reading a sigmoidoscopy report notes that a patient was found to have skip lesions. The nurse interprets this as an indication of which of the following?
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Crohn's disease
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A nurse caring for a patient who is vomiting assesses for accompanying signs and symptoms including which of the following? Select all that apply.
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Decreased blood pressure Dizziness Lightheadedness
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Which of the following individuals most likely faces the greatest risk of developing Clostridium difficile colitis?
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A 79-year-old hospital client who is being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
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An older patient presents with a perforation of a peptic ulcer. The nurse will monitor for signs and symptoms of which of the following problems?
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Peritonitis
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A patient is admitted with an abrupt onset of referred pain to the epigastric area, with an episode of nausea. On the nurse's initial assessment, the patient is lying still and taking shallow breaths, with a rigid abdomen. Which of the following problems is the patient experiencing?
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Peritonitis
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Parents of a toddler report that he often refuses food and grimaces when he swallows. The mother is worried that he ate something inappropriate this morning, because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team first suspect?
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Gastrointestinal reflux
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A 79-year-old woman reports a recent onset of "nearly constant heartburn." During the assessment interview, she states that she has "lots of aches and pains." She states that she is not on any prescription medications but often takes aspirin for pain. The nurse should suspect what diagnosis?
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Acute gastritis
