Module 3 Pathophysiology – Flashcards
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A nurse recalls physical activity was shown to reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?
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Colon
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A child was recently diagnosed with cancer. The diagnosis suggests it is an embryonic tumor. Which of the following characterizes this type of cancer?
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Usually manifested around age 5
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A newborn male is born with heart failure. Three weeks later he receives a heart transplant. Which of the following is he at the highest risk for developing?
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Leukemia
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A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?
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Gastric cancer
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Which statement indicates the patient has a good understanding of cancer risk factors? The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to:
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Cigarette smoke
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Chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that were not directly irradiated are referred to as:
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Bystander effects
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A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. After 2 months, the virus is still active. Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?
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B cell lymphoma
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A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?
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Enzymes
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A 65-year-old male was recently diagnosed with cancer. He is retired from construction work. Which of the following cancers is he likely to develop secondary to occupational hazards?
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Mesothelioma
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A 25-year-old female was diagnosed with cervical cancer. History reveals she had many sexual partners, which she indicates is "too many to count." Which of the following is most likely to have caused her cancer?
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HPV-16
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A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
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3
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A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
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Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
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The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following?
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It increases gut motility thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.
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A patient has been researching telomere caps on the Internet. Which statement indicates the patient has a good understanding? Presence of telomere caps gives cancer cells:
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The ability to divide over and over again
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A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
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Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer. Which of the following markers should be increased?
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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
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Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:
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Lymphatics
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A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development. What is the best example the nurse should give?
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Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer
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The most common tissue type of cancer occurring after adolescence is:
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Carcinoma
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When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?
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Developmental plasticity
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A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumor. This disease is a tumor of the:
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Kidney
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A 16-year-old male with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym. Five years later he develops hepatocellular carcinoma. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?
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Anabolic steroids Anabolic steroids
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When a patient asks what types of cancers are associated with tobacco use, how should the nurse respond?
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Squamous and small cell adenocarcinomas
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A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and:
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Radon
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A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?
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Leukemia
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An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing?
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Anaplasia
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A 25-year-old male nursing student recently learned how diet can alter the chances of developing cancer. He tries to minimize his risks of developing the disease by ordering his steak:
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Rare
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A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 ìg/L. Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?
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Skin
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A couple brings their child to his primary care provider for a checkup. The child has Down syndrome, and the couple is concerned about other diseases that could afflict the child. The primary care provider explains that young children with Down syndrome are at higher risk for developing:
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Leukemia
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Of the following genetic lesions that cause cancer, which is the most common?
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Point Mutations
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Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?
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Has a high mitotic index
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A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?
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Adenocarcinoma
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While planning care for children with cancer, which information should the nurse remember? Most childhood cancers originate from the:
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Mesodermal germ layer
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A 50-year-old female develops skin cancer on her head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is the most likely?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?
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Neoplasm
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A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
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Cancer in situ
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Which of the following compounds has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with smoking?
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Alcohol
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When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which of the following should the oncologist discuss?
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Facilitating new mutations
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Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:
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New blood vessel growth
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Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.
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Normal
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Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma?
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Light complexion, light eyes, fair hair
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A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used. How should the nurse respond? Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used:
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After surgical removal of a tumor
