Question 1

Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong are termed:

Accepted Answer

moral development

Question 2

Which dimension of moral development regulates social interactions and arbitrates conflict?

Accepted Answer

interpersonal

Question 3

When children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world that are out of the control of people, they are displaying:

Accepted Answer

heteronomous morality

Question 4

When children become aware that rules and laws are created by people, and can judge action, by considering the actor\'s intentions as well as the consequences, they are displaying:

Accepted Answer

autonomous morality.

Question 5

Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. This is a belief in:

Accepted Answer

immanent justice.

Question 6

What main method did Kohlberg use to evaluate moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

interviews about moral dilemma stories

Question 7

Taetem is interviewed while participating in a protest. Taetem states that she has the right to express her opinion, as does anyone else, and that this protest increases her personal power and increases the likelihood that she will get what she deserves. Which moral level does Taetem\'s statement reflect?

Accepted Answer

preconventional

Question 8

At which stage of Kohlberg\'s theory does a person understand that values and laws are important to maintaining social order?

Accepted Answer

social contract or utility of social order and individual rights

Question 9

Allan is visiting a country where it is illegal to give money to panhandlers, but he feels such pangs of conscience that he ignores the law and gives freely to the impoverished children begging for food. Which moral stage does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

universal ethical principles

Question 10

Piaget and Kohlberg agree that:

Accepted Answer

peer relations challenges children to advance their moral reasoning..

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of Kohlberg\'s theory as it applies across cultures?

Accepted Answer

Support for Kohlberg\'s first four stages was shown across most cultures, with more diversity at stages 5 and 6.

Question 12

The justice perspective on moral behavior focuses on:

Accepted Answer

the rights of the individual.

Question 13

According to Carol Gilligan, when interpreting moral dilemmas, girls more often employ:

Accepted Answer

a care perspective

Question 14

It is unacceptable to lie, steal, cheat, or hurt someone. These are examples of:

Accepted Answer

moral rules

Question 15

The effectiveness of reward and punishment for engendering moral behavior depends on the:

Accepted Answer

consistency and timing of administration.

Question 16

Walter Mischel purports that self-control is strongly influenced by attitude or:

Accepted Answer

cognitive factors

Question 17

Which theory of morality emphasizes the distinction between individuals\' ability to perform moral behavior and actual moral behavior in specific situations?

Accepted Answer

social cognitive

Question 18

According to Freud\'s psychoanalytic theory, what is the foundation of moral behavior?

Accepted Answer

guilt and the desire to avoid feeling guilty

Question 19

What is the moral branch of the personality in psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

superego

Question 20

Maya experiences a deep emotional reaction when she speaks to Stephanie about the death of Stephanie\'s son. Maya imagines herself in Stephanie\'s situation and feels:

Accepted Answer

empathy.

Question 21

John Dewey believed that a school\'s classroom rules and moral orientation of the teachers and administrators create a moral atmosphere and, in turn, a:

Accepted Answer

hidden curriculum.

Question 22

Rena contributes 10 percent of her income to her church every month. Some argue that Rena receives benefits from this action even if the rewards are intangible. They argue the concept of:

Accepted Answer

reciprocity.

Question 23

Four-year-old Bennett shares a favorite toy. According to William Damon (1988), Bennett is MOST likely motivated by a sense of:

Accepted Answer

obligation.

Question 24

Age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and personal or property rights of others describe:

Accepted Answer

a conduct disorder.

Question 25

Which of the following emphasizes the child\'s active role in building knowledge and understanding through exploration and discovery?

Accepted Answer

constructivism

Question 26

Which of the following would a constructivist-based classroom LEAST likely incorporate?

Accepted Answer

rote memorization

Question 27

Every morning, Ms. Santos dictates a vocabulary word including spelling, meaning, and an example used in a sentence. Which teaching method does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

direct instruction

Question 28

Ms. Espinoza uses a direct instruction approach when teaching reading and often assigns hands-on, constructivist projects for reinforcing new skills. What would educational psychology experts say about this teacher\'s instructional approach?

Accepted Answer

Experts say that many effective teachers use both a constructivist and a direct instruction approach.

Question 29

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act is aimed at improving student performance through:

Accepted Answer

school accountability

Question 30

Developmentally appropriate practices at the kindergarten level are likely to be:

Accepted Answer

child-centered.

Question 31

Janene and Michael head a low-income family. They are concerned that their young children are not acquiring the necessary skills and experiences necessary for academic success in school. What program could address their needs?

Accepted Answer

Head Start

Question 32

One criticism of the contemporary approach to early education is that it:

Accepted Answer

places too much pressure to achieve on children.

Question 33

What happens to children\'s self-esteem as they proceed through early school years?

Accepted Answer

decreases

Question 34

Entrance into formal schooling is considered important because it marks:

Accepted Answer

the beginning of new roles and obligations for the child.

Question 35

Of the children who receive special education or related services, the majority are served under what classification?

Accepted Answer

learning disability

Question 36

Hannah attends school regularly and has average achievement in math and writing, but her reading comprehension performance is very low. Hannah has a(n):

Accepted Answer

learning disability.

Question 37

The highest incidence of ADHD occurs in:

Accepted Answer

boys.

Question 38

Which drug category includes most ADHD medications?

Accepted Answer

stimulants

Question 39

A recent study showed that __________ factors likely play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders.

Accepted Answer

genetic

Question 40

Extrinsic motivation is an integral component of which developmental approach?

Accepted Answer

behavioral

Question 41

Which type of motivation is MOST likely to produce high levels of competition?

Accepted Answer

extrinsic

Question 42

Sheri tackles her science project by scheduling research and writing time. She hopes to learn a lot about her topic. This is an example of which type of orientation?

Accepted Answer

mastery

Question 43

Motivation experts worry that No Child Left Behind encourages:

Accepted Answer

a performance orientation.

Question 44

Which of the following characterizes students with high self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

They show higher levels of persistence for learning tasks.

Question 45

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called:

Accepted Answer

self-efficacy.

Question 46

How hard a student works can depend on:

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 47

Retirement is:

Accepted Answer

a process, not an event.

Question 48

People, places or contexts, times, objects, and symbols are all components of a culture\'s death:

Accepted Answer

system.

Question 49

In contrast to those of many other cultures, people in the United States:

Accepted Answer

death avoiders and death deniers.

Question 50

United States culture uses euphemistic terms for death. This is an indication of:

Accepted Answer

denial.

Question 51

Bob is dying of cancer. He will MOST likely die:

Accepted Answer

in a hospital or institution.

Question 52

If all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time, an individual is:

Accepted Answer

brain dead.

Question 53

Which of the following refers to individuals\' rights to determine whether extraordinary means should be used to keep them alive?

Accepted Answer

living will

Question 54

Euthanasia that occurs by withholding available treatment is termed:

Accepted Answer

passive.

Question 55

Patricia is dying of cancer. Which of the following MOST likely is true?

Accepted Answer

Even though painkillers are available, Patricia still experiences severe pain.

Question 56

What is the goal of palliative care?

Accepted Answer

reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity

Question 57

What is the highest cause of infant death in the United States?

Accepted Answer

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 58

Marina\'s dog, Nacho, is killed by a car. When she sees him, Marina asks, \"When will Nacho wake up?\" Approximately how old is Marina?

Accepted Answer

3-5 years

Question 59

Ten-year-old Denise has just suffered the death of her father. What impact will this have on her life?

Accepted Answer

Impact on Denise will depend on factors such as the quality of her relationship with her father and on the nature of his death.

Question 60

Karen is 45 years old. She fears death:

Accepted Answer

more than both her 16-year-old daughter and 72-year-old mother.

Question 61

Terminally ill patients experience different feelings. Younger adults are likely to grieve what they __________; older adults grieve losing what they __________.

Accepted Answer

might achieve; have

Question 62

What is the third leading cause of death among 10-to 19-year-olds in the United States?

Accepted Answer

suicide

Question 63

During which life stage is suicide the highest?

Accepted Answer

85 years and older

Question 64

When asked, \"What would you do if you had only 6 months to live,\" Beth answers that she would spend time meditating. Beth is likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

older adult.

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