Ch.14 – Lymphatic & Immune Sytems – Flashcards
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acquired immunity
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Production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen. Supposedly antibodies from the mother are acquired immunity
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cytokines
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Proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examples are interferons and interleukins.
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immunotherapy
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use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.
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interferons
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Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response.
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interleukins
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Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B adn T lymphocytes.
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monoclonal antibody
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Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. It is useful in immunotherapy.
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cell-mediated immunity
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An immune response involving T cells lymphocytes; antigens are destroyed by direct action of cells, as opposed to by antibodies
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humoral immunity
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The production of antibodies by plasma (formerly B) cells.
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-cytosis
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condition of cells; slight increase in numbers
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-phylaxis
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protection
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-stitial
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pertaining to standing or positioned
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ana-
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up; apart; backward; again, anew
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lymphopoiesis
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Formation of lymph.
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS (Immunodeficiency)
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Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.
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human immunodeficiency virus HIV
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HIV destroys helper T cells, disrupting the immune response.
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candidiasis
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..., an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
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cryptococcal infection Crypto
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..., Yeast-like fungus (Cryptococcus) causes lung, brain and blood infections; Pathogen is found in pigeon droppings, nesting places, air, water and soil
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cryptosporidiosis
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..., a diarrheal disease caused by the protist Cyrptosporidium parvum, which is spread by contact with fecally contaminated water
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cytomegalovirus infection CMV
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..., Causative Agent: Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) Microbe Type: Virus Transmission: -Transmitted across placenta; causes mental retardation -Transmitted sexually, by blood, or by transplant tissue Other: - Infected cells swell (cyto-, mega-) - Latent in white blood cells -asymptomatic/ mild
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herpes simplex
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..., a herpes virus that affects the skin and nervous system
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histoplasmosis Histo
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..., Fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with Histoplasma capsulatum; causes fever, chills, and lung infection. Pathogen is found in bird and bat droppings
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection MAI
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bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss and lung and blood infections
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Pneumocystis pneumonia PCP
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..., Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea. Seen in persons with weakened immune systems, such as patients with AIDS.
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toxoplasmosis Toxo
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..., Parasitic infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) and causing fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis (slight paralysis in half of the body), and seizures. Pathogen (Toxoplasma) is acquired by eating uncooked lamb or pork, unpasteurized dairy products, and raw eggs or vegetables.
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tuberculosis TB
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..., an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs
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Kaposis carcoma
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A malignant lesion (cancer) arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark purplish skin nodules.
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highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART
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A an often effective combination of protease inhibitors and RTIs used to treat AIDS.
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allergic rhinitis
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Hay fever.
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Hodgkin disease
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Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes. Reed-Sternberg cells often found in microscopic analysis.
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Reed-Sternberg cell
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Unusual cell found in persons with Hodkin's disease.
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follicular lymphoma
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Hon-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement.
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large cell lymphoma
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Hon-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate noes and tissues diffusely.
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multiple myeloma
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Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells that is composed of plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes).
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Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
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Tumor of malignant B cells.
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ELISA
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Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream. If the result is positive it is confirmed with a more specific Western Blot test.
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immunoelectrophoresis
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Test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD).
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viral load test
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Measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream; PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay and NASBA (neucleic acid sequence--based amplification) test.
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Western blot
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A test to detect HIV; more specific than ELISA.
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lymphocytosis
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Increase in white blood cells.
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isoimmunity
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Normal but undesirable immune response (ex. donor tissue rejection).
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formation of lymph
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lymphopoeisis
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B cells, plasma cells, and antibodies are part of:
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humoral immunity
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Interferons and interleukins are
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Antiviral proteins produced by T cell lymphocytes
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Slight increase in numbers of lymphocytes:
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lymphocytosis
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Malignant tumor of lymph nodes:
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Hodgkin Disease
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Viral infection causing blisters on skin of lips, nose, or genitals:
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Herpes Simplex
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Cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries, producing bluish-red skin nodules
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Kaposi sarcoma
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Major lung infection with fever, cough, chest pain and sputum. Treatment is with Bactrim:
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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Protozoan (parasitic) infection associated with AIDS. Produces pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis:
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toxoplasmosis
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Fungal infection associated with AIDS. Involves brain and meninges, lungs, and skin
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Cryptococcosis
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Atopy is...
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A hypersensitivity or allergic state
