question

acetabulum

answer

hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

question

acromion

answer

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

question

allogenic

answer

originating with another

question

allogenic bone marrow transplant

answer

uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling

question

ankles

answer

form the joint between the lower leg and the foot

question

ankylosing spondylitis

answer

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

question

ankylosis

answer

the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

question

appendicular skeleton

answer

makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction; consists of 126 bones that are organized into the upper extremeties and the lower extremeties

question

arthritis

answer

an inflammatory condition of one or more joints

question

arthrodesis

answer

the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder

question

arthrolysis

answer

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

question

arthroplasty

answer

the surgical placement of an artificial joint

question

arthrosclerosis

answer

a stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly

question

arthroscopic surgery

answer

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

question

arthroscopy

answer

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

question

articular cartilage

answer

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

question

auditory ossicles

answer

the six tiny bones of the middle ear

question

autologous

answer

originating within an individual

question

autologous bone marrow transplant

answer

the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed

question

axial skeleton

answer

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems; consists of 80 bones including those of the skull, the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae of the thoracic cavity, and the other vertebrae of the spinal column

question

body of the sternum

answer

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

question

bone density testing

answer

used to determine losses or changes in bone density

question

bone marrow biopsy

answer

a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test

question

bone marrow transplant

answer

used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas, that affect bone marrow

question

bone-conserving hip resurfacing

answer

function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining in the acetabulum

question

bursa

answer

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

question

bursectomy

answer

the surgical removal of a bursa

question

bursitis

answer

an inflammation of a bursa

question

calcaneus

answer

the largest of the tarsal bones (heel bone)

question

callus

answer

forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break as a bone heals

question

carpals

answer

the 8 bones that form the wrist

question

cartilage

answer

the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

question

cartilaginous joints

answer

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

question

cervical vertebrae

answer

the first set of seven vertebrae that form the neck; also known as C1 through C7

question

chiropractor

answer

holds a Doctor of Chiropractic degree and specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine

question

chondroma

answer

a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

question

chondromalacia

answer

the abnormal softening of cartilage

question

chondroplasty

answer

the surgical repair of damaged cartilage

question

clavicle

answer

the collar bone, a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

question

closed fracture

answer

one in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin

question

closed reduction

answer

the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

question

coccyx

answer

forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together (tailbone)

question

Colles' fracture

answer

occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands

question

comminuted fracture

answer

one in which the bone is splintered or crushed

question

compact bone

answer

the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones

question

compression fracture

answer

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

question

costochondritis

answer

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

question

craniectomy

answer

the surgical removal of a portion of the skull

question

cranioplasty

answer

the surgical repair of the skull

question

craniostenosis

answer

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

question

craniotomy

answer

a surgical incision or opening into the skull

question

cranium

answer

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

question

crepitation

answer

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

question

cruciate ligaments

answer

make possible the movements of the knee

question

diaphysis

answer

the shaft of a long bone

question

dislocation

answer

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

question

dual x-ray absorptiometry

answer

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

question

endosteum

answer

the tissue that line the medullary cavity

question

epiphysis

answer

the wide end of a long bone

question

ethmoid bone

answer

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

question

external auditory meatus

answer

the opening of the exernal auditory canal of the outer ear

question

external fixation

answer

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external applicance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing

question

fat embolus

answer

can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

question

femur

answer

the upper leg bone (largest bone in the body)

question

fibrous dysplasia

answer

a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue

question

fibrous joints

answer

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

question

fibula

answer

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

question

fontanelles

answer

soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn

question

foramen

answer

an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

question

fracture

answer

a broken bone

question

frontal bone

answer

forms the forehead

question

gouty arthritis

answer

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints

question

greenstick fracture

answer

one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken

question

hallux valgus

answer

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion)

question

hemarthrosis

answer

blood within a joint

question

hemopoietic

answer

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

question

herniated disk

answer

the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

question

humerus

answer

the bone of the upper arm

question

ilium

answer

the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

question

immobilization

answer

the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

question

interior conchae

answer

the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

question

internal fixation

answer

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

question

intervertebral disks

answer

made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other

question

ischium

answer

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone and bears the weight of the body when sitting

question

joints

answer

the place of union between two or more bones

question

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

answer

an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

question

knees

answer

the complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg

question

kyphosis

answer

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (humpback)

question

lacrimal bones

answer

make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

question

laminectomy

answer

the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

question

ligaments

answer

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone, or joining a bone to cartilage

question

lordosis

answer

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

question

lumbago

answer

pain of the lumbar region of the spine

question

lumbar vertebrae

answer

make up the third set of five vertebrae and form the inward curve of the lower spine; also known as L1 through L5

question

magnetic resonance imaging

answer

MRI, used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints

question

malleolus

answer

the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle

question

mandible

answer

the jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull, attached to the skull at the TMJ

question

manubrium

answer

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

question

maxillary bones

answer

form most of the upper jaw

question

medullary cavity

answer

located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone

question

meniscus

answer

the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

question

metacarpals

answer

the 5 bones that form the palms of the hand

question

metatarsals

answer

form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

question

myeloma

answer

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

question

nasal bones

answer

two bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

question

oblique fracture

answer

occurs at an angle across the bone

question

occipital bone

answer

forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium

question

olecranon process

answer

a large projection on the upper end of the ulna (funny bone)

question

open fracture

answer

one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

question

orthopedic surgeon

answer

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

question

orthotic

answer

a mechanical applicance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

question

ostealgia

answer

pain in a bone

question

ostectomy

answer

the surgical removal of bone

question

osteitis

answer

an inflammation of bone

question

osteoarthritis

answer

most commonly associated with aging (wear-and-tear arthritis)

question

osteochondroma

answer

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

question

osteoclasis

answer

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

question

osteomalacia

answer

abnormal softening of bones in adults

question

osteomyelitis

answer

an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

question

osteonecrosis

answer

the death of bone tissue due to a lack of sufficient blood supply

question

osteopath

answer

holds a Doctor of Osteopathy degree and uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation

question

osteopenia

answer

thinner than average bone density in a young person

question

osteoplasty

answer

the surgical repair of a bone or bones

question

osteoporosis

answer

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

question

osteoporotic hip fracture

answer

usually caused by a weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall

question

osteorrhaphy

answer

the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

question

osteotomy

answer

a surgical incision or sectioning of a bone

question

Paget's disease

answer

a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

question

palatine bones

answer

form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

question

parietal bones

answer

form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

question

partial knee replacement

answer

a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced

question

patella

answer

the bony anterior portion of the knee (kneecap)

question

pathologic fracture

answer

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

question

pectoral girdle

answer

formed by the shoulders, which support the arms and hands

question

pelvic girdle

answer

protects internal organs and supports the lower extremeties; a cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk that consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

question

percutaneous diskectomy

answer

performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk

question

percutaneous vertebroplasty

answer

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

question

periosteotomy

answer

an incision through the periosteum to the bone

question

periosteum

answer

the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

question

periostitis

answer

an inflammation of the periosteum

question

phalanges

answer

the 14 bones of the fingers; the bones of the toes

question

podiatrist

answer

holds a Doctor of Podiatry or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

question

popliteal

answer

referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

question

primary bone cancer

answer

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

question

process

answer

a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons

question

prosthesis

answer

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

question

pubic symphysis

answer

the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

question

pubis

answer

forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, located just below the urinary bladder

question

radiograph

answer

x-ray

question

radius

answer

the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm; runs up the thumb side of the forearm

question

red bone marrow

answer

located within the spongy bone, is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

question

revision surgery

answer

the replacement of a worn or failed implant

question

rheumatoid arthritis

answer

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

question

ribs

answer

12 pairs, attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

question

rickets

answer

a deficiency disease occurring in children

question

sacroiliac

answer

the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

question

sacrum

answer

the slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back

question

scapula

answer

shoulder blade

question

scoliosis

answer

an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

question

secondary bone cancer

answer

describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs

question

short stature

answer

a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length

question

skeletal system

answer

consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, legaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa

question

skull

answer

consists of the eight bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and six bones in the middle ear

question

sphenoid bone

answer

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

question

spina bifida

answer

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

question

spinal column

answer

supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord

question

spinal fusion

answer

a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae

question

spiral fracture

answer

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

question

spondylolisthesis

answer

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

question

spondylosis

answer

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

question

spongy bone

answer

lighter, not as strong, as compact bone

question

sternum

answer

the breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts

question

stress fracture

answer

a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

question

subluxation

answer

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

question

synovectomy

answer

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

question

synovial capsule

answer

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

question

synovial fluid

answer

flows within the synovial cavity and acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

question

synovial joints

answer

created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

question

synovial membrane

answer

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

question

synovitis

answer

inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint

question

talipes

answer

describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)

question

talus

answer

the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

question

tarsal

answer

seven short bones which form the ankle

question

temporal bones

answer

form the sides and base of the cranium

question

temporo-mandibular joint

answer

TMJ, attaches the jawbone to the skull

question

thoracic cavity

answer

the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs; consists of the ribs, sternum, and uppoer portion of the spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm, not including the arms

question

thoracic vertebrae

answer

the second set of 12 vertebrae; form the outward curve of the spine and are known as T1 through T12

question

tibia

answer

the larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg (shinbone)

question

total hip replacement

answer

performed to restore a adamaged hip to full function

question

total knee replacement

answer

a procedure in which all of the parts of the knee are replaced

question

traction

answer

a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

question

transverse fracture

answer

occurs straight across the bone

question

ulna

answer

the larger and longer bone of the forearm

question

ultrasonic bone density testing

answer

a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

question

vertebrae

answer

the bony structure units of the spinal column (26)

question

vomer bone

answer

forms the base for the nasal septum

question

xiphoid process

answer

the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

question

yellow bone marrow

answer

functions as a fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity

question

zygomatic bones

answer

known as the cheeckbones, articulate with the frontal bone (forehead)

Medical Terminology, Chapter 3 Terms, The Skeletal System – Flashcards

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