First Aid and CPR Exam 1 – Flashcards
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Consent to give first aid must be obtained from every victim who is:
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Responsive, mentally competent, and of legal age
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding obtaining consent to give first aid? A) Consent should be obtained from every responsive, mentally competent adult. B) Consent should be obtained in writing. C) A first aider cannot care for an unconscious victim because consent cannot be obtained. D) A first aider cannot give first aid to a minor unless consent is obtained from the parent or guardian.
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Consent should be obtained from every responsive, mentally competent adult
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Duty to act, breach of duty (substandard care, and injury and damages inflicted are all factors involved in:
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Negligence
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Which statement concerning duty to act is correct? A) Duty to act occurs when employment requires it. B) Duty to act occurs when a preexisting relationship exists. C) Duty to act follows guidelines for standards of care. D) All of the above.
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D) All of the above
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Occupations that include a legal obligation to give first aid include law enforcement officers, park rangers, athletic trainers, lifeguards, and:
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Flight attendants and firefighters
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Failure to do what a reasonably prudent person with the same or similar training would do in the same or similar circumstances is known as:
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Act of omission
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What encourage(s) people to assist others in distress by granting them immunity against lawsuits?
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Good Samaritan Laws
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What occurs when heart muscle tissue dies because its blood supply is severely reduced or stopped?
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Heart attack
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CPR by a layperson is needed:
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When the victim is not breathing
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During CPR, the rescuer gives:
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Chest compressions and rescue breathing
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The simplest method to check responsiveness of a victim is to:
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Tap the shoulder and shout, "Are you okay?"
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If alone with an unresponsive adult victim, the rescuer should:
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Call 911
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If alone with an unresponsive child or infant victim, the rescuer should:
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Provide care for 2 minutes, and then call 911
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When performing chest compressions on an adult victim, the hands are placed:
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At the center of the chest
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When performing adult CPR, how may compressions should be given?
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30
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When performing chest compressions on an adult victim, the sternum should be depressed:
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At least 2 inches
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The ratio of compressions to breaths when performing adult CPR is:
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30 compressions to 2 breaths
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At what point would you stop performing adult CPR and check for circulation?
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When and AED becomes available; When EMS personnel take over; When you are too tired to continue
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After initiating CPR, you stop to check the circulation again:
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After every 5 cycles
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When giving rescue breaths to an adult, each breath should last approximately how long?
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1 second
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When performing CPR on a child victim, give ___ breath(s) after every 30 compressions.
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2
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When performing chest compressions on a child, the sternum should be depressed:
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About 2 inches
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When giving rescue breaths to a child, each breath should last approximately how long?
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1 second
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When giving a child rescue breaths, the breaths should last:
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1 second
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To perform chest compressions on a child:
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Use one or 2 hands
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When performing child CPR, give chest compressions at the rate of:
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At least 100 compressions per minute
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The ratio of compressions to breaths when performing child CPR is:
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30 compressions to 2 breaths
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When giving rescue breaths to an infant, you should:
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Form an airtight seal around the infant's mouth and nose
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When giving and infant rescue breaths, the breaths should last:
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1 second
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When giving chest compressions to an infant, use:
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2 fingers
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When giving chest compressions to an infant, place 2 fingers:
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1 finger breadth below the nipple line
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When performing infant CPR, give chest compressions at the rate of:
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At least 100 compressions per minute
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When performing chest compressions on an infant, the sternum should be depressed:
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About 1.5 inches
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The ratio of compressions to breaths when performing infant CPR is:
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30 compressions to 2 breaths
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Which method should be used to open the airway for all unresponsive victims?
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Head tilt-chin lift
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An object is lodged in the airway can cause mild to severe _____.
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Airway obstruction
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The signs of a severe airway obstruction may include:
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Difficulty breathing; Weak and ineffective cough; Inability to speak or breath
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For a responsive adult or child with severe airway obstruction, _____.
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Ask, "Are you choking?"
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When giving abdominal thrusts to a choking victim, where should you position your hands?
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In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel
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When giving abdominal thrusts, which part of the fist is placed against the victim's abdomen?
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Thumb side
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How many abdominal thrusts should be given to a responsive choking victim?
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As many as are needed to remove the obstruction or until the victim becomes unresponsive
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If the choking victim is extremely obese or in an advanced stage of pregnancy:
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Chest thrust should be applied
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When giving chest thrusts to a responsive choking infant, place 2 fingers:
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1 finger breadth below the nipple line
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Continue performing back blows and chest thrusts on a responsive choking infant until:
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The infant starts breathing on his or her own; Trained help arrives and relieves you; You are completely exhausted
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Unresponsive choking infants is managed through:
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CPR
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If the victim's mouth is severely injured the first aider should:
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Give rescue breaths by the mouth-to-mouth method, mouth-to-nose method, or mouth-to-stoma method
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In mouth-to-stoma rescue breathing, the first aider should:
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Close the victim's mouth and nose and breathe through the opening of the neck
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The most common cause of airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim is:
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Foreign bodies
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When should a blind finger sleep be performed by a layperson to remove an object on a choking victim?
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Never perform a blind finger sweep
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How many abdominal thrusts are given to an unresponsive adult choking victim by a lay rescuer
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None
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Adults include those who are:
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At puberty or older
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A child's age ranges from:
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1 year to puberty
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The proper sequence for CPR is:
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CAB
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A victim's chance of survival dramatically improves through:
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Early CPR and early defibrillation
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Defibrillation is most effective if used:
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After 2 minutes (5 cycles) of CPR
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What are goo locations for AEDs?
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Golf courses, stadiums, airports and airplanes
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Which is the most common abnormal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest in adults?
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Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)
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During ventricular fibrillation, the heart:
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Quivers and cannot pump blood
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During ventricular tachycardia (V-tach), the heart:
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Beats too fast to pump blood effectively
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When the heart stops beating:
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Blood carrying oxygen becomes unavailable to the entire body
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
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Is the initial care for cardiac arrest until a defibrillator is available
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An AED can:
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Analyze the heart's rhythm; Deliver an electrical shock; Be used by trained laypersons
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How many adhesive pads (electrodes) are placed on the victim's chest?
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2
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Before using an AED:
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Give CPR until the AED is ready to be used; Position it next to the victim; Turn on the AED
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Which of the following statements about AEDs is true? A) The AED pads need to be attached to a dry chest B) The electrode pads are placed on the left side of the victim's chest C) Do not use an AED on a person with an implanted pacemaker D) You need to turn the AED on daily as part of a routine inspection
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A) The AED pads need to be attached to a dry chest
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Place the right AED pad:
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Right of the breastbone; Just below the collarbone; Above the right nipple
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Place the 2nd AED pad:
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On the left side of the chest; Left of the nipple; Above the lower rib margin
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Verify no one is in contact with the victim:
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During analysis; During the shock
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Begin ___ immediately after the shock and follow the prompts of the AED.
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CPR
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AEDs can be used on:
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Adults, children and infants
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Avoid placing the AED pads _____ implantable devices.
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Directly over
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AED supplies should include:
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A razor, hand towel, breathing device and exam gloves
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Which of the following statements about AEDs is true? A) Remove patches containing medication (e.g., nitroglycerin, nicotine, or pain medicine) B) Do not use an AED on children (ages 1 to 8 years) C) Put petroleum jelly on the skin where the electrodes are to be places D) All chests should be shaved before applying the electrodes
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A) Remove patches containing medication (e.g., nitroglycerin, nicotine, or pain medicine)
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What is the sequence of actions that helps determine what is wrong with a victim called?
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Victim assessment
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The "A" in AVPU stands for:
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Alert
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The "U" in AVPU stands for:
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Unresponsive to any stimulus
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For an unresponsive victim, call:
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9-1-1
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Which of the following indicates a breathing problem?
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Snoring, gurgling, and wheezing
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When checking for severe bleeding, search the:
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Victim's entire body--head to toe; Floor or ground for pooling blood; Victim's clothing
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A key point in victim assessment is to conduct a:
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Primary check
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The _____ helps determine the safety of the scene and the general condition of the victim.
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Scene size-up
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A _____, consisting of a physical examination, follows the primary check.
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Secondary check
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What is the purpose of the initial check?
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To identify and treat life-threatening conditions
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Check the victim's responsiveness by gently tapping the victim's shoulder and asking loudly _____.
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"Are you okay?"
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A victim's level of responsiveness or mental status can be described according to the ____ scale.
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AVPU
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For an alert, responsive, victim, you can evaluate his or her ability to remember by asking:
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Person, place, time, event
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The "RAP" in RAP-CAB stands for:
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Responsive, activate, position
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Which method should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive victim?
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Head tilt-chin lift
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If the unresponsive victim is breathing, the best position for the victim is:
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On the side
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If the unresponsive victim has difficulty breathing, place the victim:
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In a modified HAINES recovery position
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Victims placed in a recovery position or HAINES position should be placed on their:
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Left side
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Squeezing the victim's fingers and toes is done when checking the victim for:
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Spinal injury
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A secondary check of an adult assesses the victim's entire body from:
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Head to toe
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Something that the first aider sees, hears, or feels is:
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Sign
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Which of the following is a sign? A) Numbness B) Moist skin C) Dizziness D) Pain
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B) Moist skin
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Severity, physical distance, relationship, and time exposed are all factors that can help the bystander:
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Recognize the emergency
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