Ivy Tech Psychology Practice Final – Flashcards
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Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. a. the therapist's credentials b. the cost of the therapist c. the quality of the client's participation d. the client's age
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c. the quality of the client's participation
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Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior? a. a self-help group b. electroconvulsive therapy c. encounter groups d. minor tranquilizers
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b. electroconvulsive therapy
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According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely a. exhausts them. b. causes them to lose focus. c. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. d. masks their unconscious conflicts.
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c. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
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The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. a. positive symptoms/negative symptoms b. negative symptoms/positive symptoms c. physical symptoms/psychological symptoms d. psychological symptoms/physical symptoms
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a. positive symptoms/negative symptoms
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Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with a. excoriation. b. trichotillomania. c. hoarding disorder. d. body dysmorphic disorder.
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d. body dysmorphic disorder.
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According to biological forms of therapy, when an individual is suffering from a severe episode of major depressive disorder, which of the following treatment approachesymptoms in the short-run and provide rapid relief to the person's mood? a. psychoanalysis b. electroconvulsive therapy c. cognitive-behavioral therapy d. rational-emotive therapy
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b. electroconvulsive therapy
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Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement, it can be concluded that Sean follows a _____ approach. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. behavioral d. humanistic
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a. psychodynamic
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Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE? a. Biological therapies are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning. b. Drug therapy is the most common form of biological therapy. c. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states. d. Medical doctors can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders.
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c. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states.
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Neuroleptic drugs _____. a. are antianxiety drugs b. reduce schizophrenic symptoms c. are also called noradrenergic antidepressants d. cure schizophrenia
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b. reduce schizophrenic symptoms
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for a. dissociative identity disorder. b. severe depression. c. schizophrenia. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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b. severe depression.
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Which of the following biomedical interventions for eliminating the symptoms of psychological disorders is used least often? a. aversive conditioning b. psychotherapy c. psychosurgery d. drug therapy
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c. psychosurgery
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A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder. a. anxiety b. mood c. personality d. delusional
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b. mood
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With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered a. unique. b. dependent. c. maladaptive. d. repetitive.
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c. maladaptive
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Which of the following statements is true of the psychological and sociocultural factors involved in schizophrenia? a. Contemporary theorists strongly believe that stress is unrelated to the development of schizophrenia. b. Marriage and warm supportive friends are related to better outcomes for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. c. Sociocultural background is considered as the primary cause of schizophrenia. d. Individuals with schizophrenia in developing, non-industrialized nations tend to have worse outcomes than those in developed, industrialized nations.
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b. Marriage and warm supportive friends are related to better outcomes for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from a. mood disorder. b. anxiety disorder. c. personality disorder. d. dissociative disorder.
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b. anxiety disorder.
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The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a. to help people eliminate illogical thinking. b. to help clients identify their own genuine feelings. c. to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels. d. to set off a seizure in the brain.
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d. to set off a seizure in the brain
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In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause. a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. phobic disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
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a. panic disorder
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In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for a. schizophrenia. b. anxiety disorders and eating disorders. c. dissociative amnesia. d. antisocial personality disorder.
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b. anxiety disorders and eating disorders.
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When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing a. hallucinations. b. delusions. c. mirages. d. catatonia.
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a. hallucinations
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All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT a. flashbacks. b. impulsive outbursts of behavior. c. difficulties with memory and concentration. d. feeling emotionally charged.
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d. feeling emotionally charged.
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You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. panic disorder. c. phobic disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
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b. panic disorder.
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The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders? a. schizophrenia b. dissociative identity disorder c. antisocial personality disorder d. borderline personality disorder
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d. borderline personality disorder
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Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize a. change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts. b. unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts. c. the past rather than the present. d. self-fulfillment rather than illness.
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d. self-fulfillment rather than illness.
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Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders. a. medical model b. behavioral model c. psychoanalytic model d. cognitive model
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a. medical model
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What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD? a. the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts b. the presence of agoraphobia c. a history of past sexual abuse d. overprotective parents
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a. the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts
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All of the following are symptoms of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT a. chronic feelings of emptiness. b. recurrent suicidal behavior. c. reduced awareness. d. wild mood swings.
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c. reduced awareness.
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Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals? a. family therapy b. couples therapy c. self-help support groups d. humanistic therapy
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c. self-help support groups
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_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity. a. Borderline personality disorder b. Autism spectrum disorder c. Major depressive disorder d. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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d. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) a. does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in families. b. is found in people with high levels of serotonin in their brain pathways. c. is characterized by a nonfunctioning limbic system. d. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.
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d. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.
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A major advantage to group therapy is that a. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills. b. clients can get more undivided attention from the therapist. c. the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work. d. it is better suited to clients with severe problems.
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a. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
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Derek is suffering from anxiety disorder and is currently under medication. According to this scenario, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Derek as a result of taking his medication? a. tardive dyskinesia b. metabolic syndrome c. restlessness d. drowsiness
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d. drowsiness
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In 1973, Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were asked to see a psychiatrist at various hospitals. What did the results of this study demonstrate? a. College students who experience negative symptoms of schizophrenia are very susceptible to mental-health issues. b. Doctors are always correct in their diagnosis of schizophrenia. c. Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does. d. If you are treated for schizophrenia at an early age, you are likely to recover fully.
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c. Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does.
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Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions? a. drug therapy b. cognitive therapy c. psychosurgery d. psychoanalysis
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c. psychosurgery
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Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy? a. tricyclics b. neuroleptics c. benzodiazepines d. tetracyclics
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b. neuroleptics
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A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior. a. parental relationships b. maladaptive thoughts c. chemical imbalances d. childhood experiences
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b. maladaptive thoughts
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_____ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. a. Prozac b. Paxil c. Zoloft d. Effexor
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d. Effexor
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Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. autism spectrum disorder. d. mild neurocognitive impairment.
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a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. panic disorder. c. schizophrenia. d. major depressive disorder.
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d. major depressive disorder.
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The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality. a. psychological b. sociocultural c. biological d. evolutionary
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c. biological
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If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using a. systematic desensitization. b. aversive conditioning. c. social-skills training. d. an unethical procedure.
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b. aversive conditioning.
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As other children in his school line up for lunch on the first day of kindergarten, Ben demands to be at the beginning of the line. He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. conventional d. permissive
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d. permissive
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Behavior that is intended to benefit other people is called a. behavioral casp. b. egocentric behavior. c. prosocial behavior. d. ethical behavior.
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c. prosocial behavior
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The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called a. social identity. b. ethnocentrism. c. deindividuation. d. groupthink.
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b. ethnocentrism
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Which of the following is most likely to reduce the kinds of group biases that exist in face-to-face groups? a. crowd psychology b. herd mentality c. crowdsourcing d. groupthink
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c. crowdsourcing
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Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious? a. Social cognitive perspectives b. Psychodynamic perspectives c. Humanistic perspectives d. Personological and life story perspectives
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b. Psychodynamic perspectives
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Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome. Jason is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. preoperational
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b. formal operational
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Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms? a. Defense mechanisms are conscious in nature. b. Even when used in moderation, defense mechanisms are unhealthy. c. Defense mechanisms are tactics the ego uses to increase anxiety. d. Repression is the foundation for all of the psychological defense mechanisms.
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d. Repression is the foundation for all of the psychological defense mechanisms.
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Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she is selfish and unhappy, whereas John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and could not make a commitment right now. Jack is making a(n) _____ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making a(n) _____. a. internal attribution/external attribution b. external attribution/internal attribution c. downward social comparison/upward social comparison d. upward social comparison/downward social comparison
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a. internal attribution/external attribution
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_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt. a. Egoism b. Altruism c. Ethnocentrism d. Utilitarianism
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a. Egoism
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Individuals who have positive illusions about the self a. are judged less positively by others. b. are psychologically less healthy. c. tend to show high levels of psychological well-being. d. display self-views that are rooted in reality.
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c. tend to show high levels of psychological well-being.
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. GABA
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a. dopamine
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Juanita returned home after being away for several years. When she saw her father, whom she thought she disliked, she hugged him and cried. Based on her crying when she saw him, she determined that she must like him more than she thought. This is most consistent with the of attitudes a. evolutionary theory. b. social learning theory. c. self-perception theory. d. social identity theory.
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c. self-perception theory.
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Six-month-old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on (e.g., fingers, dolls, blocks, rattles). The fact that Ian receives pleasure and comfort by exploring the world with his mouth suggests that he is in the _____ stage of psychosexual development. a. phallic b. oral c. anal d. genital
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b. oral
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According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers? a. spontaneity b. creativity c. intolerance d. sense of humor
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c. intolerance
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According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, _____ the basis of personality. a. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are b. the cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) are c. the id, ego, and superego are d. the reticular activation system (RAS) is
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a. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are
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Baby Janice knows that when she is put in the highchair, it is time to eat. So when her father puts her in the highchair and hands her a book, Janice puts the corner of the book in her mouth. According to Piaget, Janice's behavior can be best explained by a. schematic thinking. b. the assimilation process. c. the accommodation process. d. deferred imitation.
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b. the assimilation process.
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What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? a. The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that gave milk. b. The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that were warm and soft. c. The monkeys displayed no preference for either cloth or wire artificial mothers. d. The monkeys unexpectedly preferred wire artificial mothers over cloth ones.
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b. The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that were warm and soft.
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If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to a. accommodate in later life. b. see things from the point of view of another person. c. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. d. retain earlier schemas when confronted with new experiences.
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c. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.
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Your best friend Kelly is liberal and tolerant. Which trait is she likely high on? a. emotional stability b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. openness
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d. openness
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Juliet refuses to go to the dance because she has just developed a pimple on her chin, and she is sure everyone will talk about it behind her back. Her behavior illustrates a. preoperational thought. b. the adolescent identity crisis. c. peer influence. d. adolescent egocentrism.
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d. adolescent egocentrism.
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Which of the following is a crucial concept in Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development? a. erogenous zones b. collective unconscious c. self-actualization d. archetypes
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a. erogenous zones
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According to Freud, the ego _____. a. is the first to form and therefore the most senior personality structure b. operates on the "pleasure principle" c. must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality d. has no contact with reality
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c. must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality
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A child decides to steal a small item from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into the Hawk Club. The child reasons that the stealing behavior is acceptable because it is what his friends expect of him. According to Kohlberg, this child is operating at the _____ level. a. preconventional b. postconventional c. universal ethical d. conventional
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d. conventional
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The work of Harry Harlow established that a. early social experience in humans is essential to normal functioning in adulthood. b. infants do not depend on warm social interaction to survive or develop. c. human behavior is hardly more complex than that of rhesus monkeys. d. contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process.
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d. contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process.
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According to James Marcia, the two dimensions of identity are a. temperament and attachment. b. exploration and commitment. c. parenting style and attachment. d. accommodation and assimilation
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b. exploration and commitment.
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_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures. a. Positive illusion b. Learned helplessness c. Self-serving bias d. Stereotyping
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c. Self-serving bias
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Larry and Carol are tested twice on moral reasoning. When Kohlberg's measures are used, Carol gets a lower score than Larry. When Gilligan's approach is used, both individuals score at the same level. Which of the following is likely to be a reason for this discrepancy? a. Gilligan's approach is not as accurate and precise as Kohlberg's approach. b. Kohlberg's theory is a justice perspective, while Gilligan's theory is a care perspective. c. Like Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan's approach does not emphasize interpersonal relastionships. d. Unlike Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan's theory is traditionally biased against women.
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b. Kohlberg's theory is a justice perspective, while Gilligan's theory is a care perspective.
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Cookie Monster, one of the characters on the children's TV show Sesame Street, has an intense urge to consume cookies, even when doing so is irrational and maladaptive. Eating cookies gives Cookie Monster a great source of pleasure and satisfaction. Freud would say that his behavior reflects the fact that Cookie Monster is ruled by his _____. a. id b. ego c. superego d. Oedipus Complex
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a. id
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Which of the following statements is false? a. The id operates according to the pleasure principle. b. The ego operates according to the reality principle. c. The id and the ego are completely unconscious. d. The superego is our conscience, or internal judge of our behavior.
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c. The id and the ego are completely unconscious.
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Using an idealistic approach and evaluating every possible alternative before purchasing a laptop is usually indicative of the _____ stage of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. preoperational
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b. formal operational
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Which of the following statements is true of the frustration-aggression hypothesis? a. It states that besides frustration, no other experiences can cause aggression. b. It states that frustration always leads to aggression. c. It states that aggression usually leads to obedience. d. It states that aggression stems from an attitude of altruism.
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b. It states that frustration always leads to aggression.
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When people try to confront Alfred about drinking too much alcohol, he replies, "Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I'll die having a good time." This statement made by Alan illustrates his attempt to reduce a. stereotype threat. b. cognitive dissonance. c. the self-serving bias. d. the fundamental attribution error.
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b. cognitive dissonance.
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According to Eysenck's theory, introversion and extraversion are characteristic patterns of behavior that a. are shaped through behaviorism. b. aim to regulate arousal around baseline. c. should be measured using projective tests. d. determine a person's sense of unconditional positive regard.
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b. aim to regulate arousal around baseline.
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At home Carrie was moody, self-centered, and bossy. At social events, Carrie was the life of the party. She was funny, happy, and demonstrated social graces that none of her family ever saw at home. What is Jung's explanation of Carrie's behavior? a. Carrie adopted her persona at parties. b. Carrie exhibited her animus at home. c. Carrie was her anima at parties. d. Carrie was her archetype at home.
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a. Carrie adopted her persona at parties.
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Which of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group? a. The majority influences group decision making only through informational influence. b. The majority influences group decision making only through normative influence. c. The minority in a group cannot win through informational pressure. d. The minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure.
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d. The minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure.
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_____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality. a. Fundamental attribution errors b. Self-serving biases c. Self-deceptions d. Positive illusions
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d. Positive illusions
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According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others is likely to a. enhance performance on all types of tasks. b. improve performance on new tasks. c. reduce performance on difficult tasks. d. have little to no effect on performance.
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c. reduce performance on difficult tasks.
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Which of the following psychologists developed a psychological profile of Adolf Hitler? a. Carl Jung b. Henry Murray c. Karen Horney d. Carl Rogers
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b. Henry Murray
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Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression. This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of a. regression. b. sublimation. c. repression. d. rationalization.
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b. sublimation
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Gabriela's mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela's mother a. encourages her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior. b. is uninvolved in Gabriela's life. c. is restrictive, punitive, and engages in little verbal exchange with Gabriela when they have differences of opinion. d. sets very strict rules and limitations for Gabriela's behavior.
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a. encourages her to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior.
