Question 1

Psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Question 2

Biomedical therapy

Accepted Answer

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person\'s physiology

Question 3

Eclectic approach

Accepted Answer

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud\'s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Freud\'s therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed that the patient\'s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferencesâand the therapist\'s interpretations of themâreleased previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Question 5

Resistance

Accepted Answer

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 6

Interpretation

Accepted Answer

in psychoanalysis, the analyst\'s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Question 7

Transference

Accepted Answer

in psychoanalysis, the patient\'s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy

Accepted Answer

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

Question 9

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

a brief (12- to 16-session) variation of psychodynamic therapy, has effectively treated depression

Question 10

Insight therapies

Accepted Answer

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person\'s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 11

Client-centered therapy

Accepted Answer

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients\' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

Question 12

Active listening

Accepted Answer

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers\' client-centered therapy

Question 13

Unconditional positive regard

Accepted Answer

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 14

Rogers hints to listen more actively

Accepted Answer

paraphrase, invite clarification, reflect feelings

Question 15

Behavior therapy

Accepted Answer

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 16

Counterconditioning

Accepted Answer

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Question 17

Exposure therapies

Accepted Answer

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

Question 18

Systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

Question 19

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Accepted Answer

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

Question 20

Aversive conditioning

Accepted Answer

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Question 21

Token economy

Accepted Answer

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 22

What are the insight-therapies, and how do they differ from behavior therapies?

Accepted Answer

The insight therapiesâpsychodynamic and humanistic therapiesâseek to relieve problems by providing an understanding of their origins. Behavior therapies assume the problem behavior is the problem and treat it directly, paying less attention to its origins.

Question 23

Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?

Accepted Answer

If a behavior can be learned, it can be unlearned, and replaced by other more adaptive responses.

Question 24

Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of ___________ conditioning . Token economies are an application of __________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

classical; operant

Question 25

Cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Question 26

stress inoculation training

Accepted Answer

teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations

Question 27

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Accepted Answer

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Question 28

An influential cognitive therapy for depression was developed by _________________ _________________.

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck

Question 29

Group therapy

Accepted Answer

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

Question 30

Family therapy

Accepted Answer

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual\'s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Question 31

_____ is the process of prescribing medication or procedures that act directly on the person\'s physiology

Accepted Answer

Biomedical therapy

Question 32

_____ are therapies that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapies

Question 33

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) uses how many steps in their program?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 34

\"I think my problem is an over-active superego!\" This kind of proclamation is likely to come from someone who has undergone _____.

Accepted Answer

psychoanalytic therapy

Question 35

Humanistic therapists focus on _____ thoughts.

Accepted Answer

conscious

Question 36

Nancy\'s therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist\'s approach BEST illustrates:

Accepted Answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 37

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

transference

Question 38

_____ applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy

Question 39

Aaron is undergoing Army basic training. He is being taught to reduce incapacitating anxiety by saying things to himself that enhance a sense of control during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

stress inoculation training

Question 40

Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she doesn\'t want to get involved in anything long-term. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in:

Accepted Answer

interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 41

The following are examples of how humanistic therapists differ from psychoanalytic therapists EXCEPT humanistic therapists:

Accepted Answer

attempt to reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts by providing clients with insight

Question 42

David\'s therapy with a 15-year-old patient has been going well, but she tends to bottle her feelings when discussing her relationship with her mother. He believes that she can benefit from her family\'s involvement; this may promote positive communication. Today\'s session brings together his patient and her parents. David is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

family therapy

Question 43

_____ includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning

Question 44

Stephanie meets with her therapist once a week in order to talk about her marriage as well as the relationship she has with her parents. In addition to helping Stephanie seek insight about these relationships, Stephanie\'s therapist prescribes Stephanie medication. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

an eclectic approach

Question 45

Humanistic therapists refer to those in therapy as:

Accepted Answer

clients

Question 46

If Ardith, a recovering alcoholic, wishes to remain in recovery, she is better served by _____ than by _____.

Accepted Answer

frequent attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; a general support group

Question 47

Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would most benefit from _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck\'s cognitive

Question 48

Marilyn is an architect who is looking for a job. She has worked on a wide range of projects and has several recommendations, and is able to land interviews fairly easily. However, she usually stresses about how much better the other candidates might be. During interviews, she does poorly. To counter this, Marilyn\'s therapist had her read her own recommendations to herself right before her next interview. The result was improved confidence and a second interview. The therapist\'s approach BEST illustrates:

Accepted Answer

stress inoculation training

Question 49

During a psychoanalytic therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny\'s therapist is using a technique known as _____.

Accepted Answer

free association

Question 50

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

resistance

Question 51

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are likely to be treated with ________________, which acts directly on the patient\'s nervous system.

Accepted Answer

biomedical therapy

Question 52

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the ___________ helped to empty large psychiatric hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

Accepted Answer

1950s

Question 53

Dr. Hernandez is a clinical psychologist who uses a variety of psychotherapies with his patients depending on their disorder. Dr. Hernandez\'s approach would be best described as:

Accepted Answer

eclectic.

Question 54

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a variation of psychodynamic therapy. It is different because:

Accepted Answer

its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships.

Question 55

Carolyn\'s therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images came to her mind. Carolyn\'s therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique of:

Accepted Answer

free association

Question 56

A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during her childhood. The therapist\'s goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of:

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic therapy

Question 57

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding

Question 58

Steve\'s therapist Dr. Royce is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Steve\'s words and often responds by reflecting back both the content and personal meaning of what Steve seems to be saying. Steve\'s therapist is:

Accepted Answer

communicating empathic understanding.

Question 59

Client-centered therapists are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

help clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation.

Question 60

This form of treatment associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 61

As a parent, Clarice is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist\'s office, she asks about what is the empirically supported treatment for bed-wetting as her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. Clarice learns that _________________ is the empirically supported treatment

Accepted Answer

behavior modification

Question 62

This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.

Accepted Answer

behavior modification

Question 63

Several years after his wife\'s death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez\'s depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for having been unable to prevent his wife\'s death. The therapist\'s approach is most representative of:

Accepted Answer

cognitive therapy

Question 64

Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Beck\'s cognitive therapy.

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