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Psychoanalytic theory calls attn to psycho dynamic factors that motivate behavior & focuses on role of ____

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Unconsciousness

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Our ____ is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological & instinctual drives

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behavior

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Our instinctual drives evolve through psycho sexual stages...

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First 6 years of life

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At first termed as sexual energy by Freud then changed to include all life instincts

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Libido

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Survival of person and human race; oriented toward growth, development & creativity

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Life instincts

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According to Freud what is everyone's life goal

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Gaining pleasure and avoiding pain

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Accounts for the aggressive drive, when people manifest an unconscious wish to die or hurt them self or others

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Death instinct

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What Freud says are powerful determinants why people act the way they do

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Sexual & aggressive drives

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Freud's structure of personality

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Id, ego & superego

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Freudian personality structure that primary source of psychic energy, the chair of instincts

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Id

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Freudian personality structure that lacks organization is blind, demanding & insistent. Also can't tolerate tension

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Id

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Illogical, amoral, drive to satisfy instinctual needs, never matures, no thinking just wishes and acts

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Id

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Largely unconscious or out of awareness

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Id

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Freudian personality structure Executive that governs, controls & regulates the personality

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Ego

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Controls consciousness, exercises censorship, rules by reality principle, formulates realistic plans of action to satisfy needs

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Ego

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Checks and controls id's blind impulses, distinguishes between mental images and things in the external world

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Ego

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Freudian personality structure is the judicial branch of personality, functions to inhibit id, includes moral code, good, bad, right or wrong. Strives for perfection instead of pleasure

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Super Ego

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Related to psychological rewards (pride & self love) and punishments (guilt & inferiority)

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Super Ego

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1. Dreams. 2. Slips of the tongue & forgetting. 3. Post hypnotic suggestion. 4. Info from free-association techniques. 5. Projective techniques. and 6. Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms, Freud says are...

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Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious

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Aim of psychoanalytic therapy...

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Make unconscious motives conscious

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uncovering the meaning of symptoms, causes and repressed materials interfering w/ health functioning

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Freud says the cure is based on...

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dred that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, experiences that emerge to awareness

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Anxiety

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develops out of id, ego, & superego conflict to control psychic energy

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Anxiety

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It's function is to warn of impending danger

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Anxiety

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fear of danger from external world

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Reality anxiety

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fear instinct will get out of hand leading to punishment

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Neurotic anxiety

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fearing one's own conscious, guilt when doing something against their moral code

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Moral anxiety

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Help cope with anxiety & prevent ego from being over whelmed

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Ego-defense mechanisms

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Negative thoughts & feelings excluded from awareness, unconscious buried events that influence later behavior

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Ego-defense mechanism-Repression

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Ignoring existence of a reality, simplest of all mechanisms distorts what the person thinks, feels or perceives in a traumatic event

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Ego-defense mechanism-Denial

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expressing opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse, by doing this don't have to face the anxiety that would result if they were to recognize these dimensions of them selves

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Ego-defense mechanism-Reaction formation

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blaming others for ones own unacceptable desires & impulses, self deception, "it's them not me."

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Ego-defense mechanism-Projection

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direct energy toward another person (safer) when the original (threatening) is inaccessible

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Ego-defense mechanism-Displacement

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Manufacturing reasons to explain a bruised ego, helps justify specific behaviors.

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Ego-defense mechanism-Rationalization

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Diverting sex or aggressive energy into other channels, divert into socially acceptable sometimes admirable channels.

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Ego-defense mechanism-Sublimation

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Going back to a earlier phase because there's fewer demands, severe stress or challenges people may attempt to cope with anxiety by clinging to inappropriate & immature behavior

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Ego-defense mechanism-Regression

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Adopting the values & standards of others, danger of this is accepting values of the enemy by identifying with them

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Ego-defense mechanism-Introjection

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People hoping they will be perceived as worthwhile when joining successful causes. Can enhance self worth, protect from being a failure, used by people feeling inferior

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Ego-defense mechanism-Identification

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Hide weaknesses or develop positive traits to make up for limitations.

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Ego-defense mechanism-Compensation

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which approach therapist assumes anonymous stance "blank screen" approach with very little disclosure, client makes projections onto them

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Psychoanalytic approach

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which approach therapist must 1st est a working relationship with client then do a lot of listening & interpreting particular attn given to clients resistances

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Psychoanalytic approach

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teach clients meaning of the processes so they achieve insight into their problems, increase awareness of ways to change & gain more control over their lives

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Central function of psychoanalysis

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which therapy must the client be willing to commit themselves to an intensive and long term therapy process

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Psychoanalytic therapy

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client says whatever comes to mind without self censorship report feelings, experiences, associations, memories, & fantasies

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Free association

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therapy the client must agree to talk because their verbal productions are @ the heart of this therapy

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Psychoanalytic therapy

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counselor has impact on client & on present interaction occurring in the therapy context, highlights relationship as THE factor that brings about change

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Contemporary psychoanalytic therapy

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client unconsciously shifts feelings &/or fantasies that are reactions to past significant others

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Transference

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doing this consist of an exploration of unconscious material & defenses, most of which originated in childhood

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Working through

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when therapist projects distortions onto clients &/or respond in irrational ways or lose objectivity when their own conflicts are triggered

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Counter-transference

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a therapist with a relationship perspective will pay attn to their ____ reactions & observations to a client then uses it as a part of therapy to help the client gain self-understanding

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Counter-transference

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geared 2 ltd objectives than 2 restructuring 1's personality; couch is use of supportive interventions, reassurance, empathy, support, & suggestions; >disclosure by therapist; fewer sessions

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How is psychodynamic therapy different than traditional psychoanalysis

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maintain analytic framework; free association; interpretation; dream analysis; analysis of resistance; analysis of transference

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6 basic techniques of psychoanalytic therapy

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counselor pointing out, explaining, even teaching client meaning of behavior manifested in dreams, free association, resistance & therapy relationship itself

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Interpretation

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important for uncovering unconscious material & giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems

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Dream analysis

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hidden, symbolic, unconscious motives, wishes & fears, sometimes so painful & threatening they are transferred 2 >acceptable manifest dreams

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Latent dreams

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dream as it appears to the dreamer

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Manifest dreams

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serve as a pathway to repressed material but also provide an understanding of clients current functioning

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Dreams

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anything that works against progress of therapy & prevents client from producing previous unconscious material, specifically clients reluctance

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Resistance

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was once considered Freud's spiritual heir developed theory of personality markedly different from Freud

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Jung

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which theorists analytical psychology is an elaborate explanation from history, mythology, anthropology & religion

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Jung

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who developed a spiritual approach emphasis on being impelled to find meaning in life rather than driven by psychological & biological forces described by Freud

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Jung

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harmonious integration of the conscious & unconscious aspects of personality; is an innate & primary goal

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Jung's individuation

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stresses on psychosocial development through the lifespan or exposes the ego striving for mastery thru out human life span

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Ego psychology

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images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious

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Jung's archetypes

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the persona, the anima & animus, & the shadow

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Jung's archetypes

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a mask, or public face, that we wear to protect ourselves

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Jung's persona archetype

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represent both the biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and femininity, which are thought to coexist in both sexes

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Jung's animus & anima archetype

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deepest roots and is the most dangerous and powerful, represents our dark side, the thoughts, feelings and actions that we tend to disown by projecting them outward

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Jung's shadow archetype

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form of analytic treatment involves exploration of internal unconscious identities & internalization of external objects i.e. aspects of significant other people

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Object relations theory

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term used by Freud for that which satisfies a need

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"Object" or "drive"

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emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships to develop our sense of self

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Self psychology

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therapy that's an interactive process between client & therapist

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Relational model

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which therapists challenge whats considered the authoritarian nature of traditional psychoanalytics & replace it w/a >human equality model

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Contemporary relational therapists

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Mahler calls the first 3 or 4 weeks of life @ this point infant is responding >2 physiological tension than psychological processes

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"Normal infantile autism"

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Mahlers phase recognizable by the 3rd mos extends through the 8th mos infant has a pronounced dependency on mom who is clearly a partner not just an interchangeable part

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Symbiosis

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Mahler's process begins in the 4th or 5th mos child moves away from symbiotic forms of relating, experiences separation from significant others yet still turns to them for a sense of confirmation and comfort

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Separation-individuation

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According to Mahler children who don't experience the opportunity to idealize others while also taking pride in themselves may later suffer from

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Narcissistic character & self esteem disorders

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According to Mahler these are people that have moved into the separation process but have been thwarted by parental rejection of their individuation; usually in-stable, irritable, self destructive, impulsive anger & extreme mood shifts

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Borderline personality disorder

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Mahlers final sub phase involves a move toward constancy of self and object, pronounced by 36th mos of life, others are more fully seen as separate from the self

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separation-individuation

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when a person (esp a child) can't keep 2 contradictory thoughts or feelings in mind @ the same time therefore keeps them apart focusing on just 1 of them.

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Splitting

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"borderline" conditions are rooted during this Mahler period

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separation-individuation

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uses psycho dynamic theory to treat selective disorders w/i a pre est time i.e.10-15 sessions, therapist takes active role quickly formulating therapy going beneath surface of presenting problems & treating underlying issues.

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Brief psycho dynamic therapy (BPT)

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some goals might include: conflict resolution, >access to feelings, increase choice possibilities, improve relationships & symptom remission

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Brief psycho dynamic therapy (BPT)

question

which approach is particularly useful in understanding resistance i.e. canceled appt's, fleeing early, failure to engage & refusal to look at oneself

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Psychoanalytic approach

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which approach is particularly useful in understanding unfinished business can be worked through so client can provide a new ending to emotionally crippling events

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Psychoanalytic approach

question

which approach is particularly useful in understanding value and role of transference

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Psychoanalytic approach

question

which approach is particularly useful in understanding how the overuse of ego defenses in counseling relationship and in daily life can keep clients from functioning effectively

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Psychoanalytic approach

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Along with Jung which approach to theory did Adler take

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Psychoanalytic approach

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Humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness rather than sex urges; behavior is purposeful, goal directed & consciousness >than unconsciousness is the focus of therapy

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Alfred Adlers key concept

question

inferior feeling which can be the wellspring of creativity, motivate us to strive for mastery, success & completion

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Alfred Adlers key focus

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who was the 1st systemic theorist who maintained its essential to understand people within the system which they live

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Alfred Adler

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Adlerians attempt to view the world from the clients subjective frame of reference. How people perceive their world, thoughts, feelings, values, beliefs, convictions & conclusions

answer

Phenomenological

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existential therapy, person-centered, Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, reality & postmodern approaches

answer

Which approaches use phenomenological perspective

question

what did Adler name his approach (not the same as his theory)

answer

Individual psychology

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implies we cant be understood in parts, ALL aspects of ourselves must be understood

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Holistic concept

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aka "guiding self ideal" & "goal of perfection" is people living by an imaginary concept that refers to a central goal guiding a personal behavior

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Fictional finalism

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Adler replaced deterministic explanations with ____, meaning a more purposive goal oriented approach

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Teleological

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the guiding self ideal represents an individuals image of goal perfection for which they strive in any situation

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Fictional finalism

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a persons core beliefs, assumptions that guide their movements thru life & organize their reality

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Adlers term lifestyle or "style of life"

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our perceptions regarding self, others, world; persons way of thinking, acting, feeling, living & striving toward long term goals

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Adlers term lifestyle

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Adler says our unique style is created primarily during which life span

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1st six years of life

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an ACTION line of ones community feeling involves + attitude toward other people in the world, capacity to cooperate & contribute

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Adlers "social interest"

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being connected to all of humanity, being involved with making the world better

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Adlers "community feeling"

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building friendships, establish intimacy, & contribute to society

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Adlers 3 basic universal life tasks we must master

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self acceptance & developing our spiritual dimension

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Mosak & Dreikurs added onto Adlers 3 basic universal life tasks

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relations within family are our earliest & perhaps most influential social system

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Adlerian emphasis

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develop clients sense of belonging, assist adopting behaviors for community feeling & social interest

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Main aim in Adlerian therapy

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assist clients understand their unique lifestyle help to think about self, others & the world to meet tasks of life with courage & social interest, DO NOT view clients as sick

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Goal of Adlerian therapy

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focuses on providing info, teaching, guiding & offering encouragement to discouraged clients

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Adlerian counseling process

question

look for major mistakes in thinking & valuing such as mistrust, selfishness, unrealistic ambition & lack of confidence

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Adlerian therapist

question

assume a non pathological perspective, don't label clients by their diagnosis

answer

Adlerians

question

how do Adlerians gather lifestyle info, frm this assess areas of success, failure & critical influences client has assumed in the world

answer

Family constellation questionnaire

question

stories of events person says occurred b4 10y.o. used by Adlerians 2get a better understanding, learning goals, motivations of the client part of lifestyle assessment when completed gives targets of therapy

answer

ER's (early recollections)

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considered useful in assessment viewed as rehearsal of possible future courses of action

answer

Adlerian dream interpretation

question

Adlerians c feelings aligned 2 thinking as fuel 4 behavior...first we think, then we feel then we ____

answer

Act

question

Est proper therapeutic relationship, explore psychological dynamics, encourage self understanding/insight, reorientation & reeducation

answer

Four phases of Adlerian technique

question

Adlerian approach is suited to be a brief ___ ___ ____

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Time limited therapy

question

people r essentially trustworthy; have vast potential 4 understanding self, resolving their problems w/o intervention; capable of self directed growth

answer

Carl Rogers basic assumptions

question

Rogers is revolutionary by proposing theory centered on client as the agent for what

answer

Self-change

question

60's & 70's growing interest in a 3rd force therapy alternative to psychoanalytic & behavioral approach's, these fit that bill

answer

Existential, person-centered & Gestalt therapy

question

key concept when therapists are able to communicate their realness, support, caring & non-judgemental understanding significant changes in the client >likely 2 occur

answer

Person-centered therapy

question

congruence (genuine realness); unconditional + regard (acceptance, caring); accurate empathetic understanding

answer

Person-centered therapist attributes (aka core conditions)

question

theory that people have an innate drive toward progressive self growth to achieve self actualization is ___ ___ therapy

answer

Person-centered

question

Ideal (what you should be like) & real (contained actualizing tendency)

answer

Rogers "two types of self"

question

focuses on constructive side of human nature, what right w/ them, their assets. Emphasis how client acts toward world w/ others; how 2 move fwd constructive direction; successfully encounter obstacles blocking growth

answer

Person-centered therapist

question

aims toward client achieving >degree of independence & integration, focus is on the person not the problem

answer

Person-centered therapeutic process

question

to provide a climate of helping people become a fully functional person, client defines & clarifies their own goals, therapists don't set the goals

answer

Person-centered therapeutic process

question

feeling of basic helplessness, powerlessness & inability to make decisions or effectively direct their own lives

answer

Rogers reason client seeks therapy

question

soon learn they can be responsible for themselves in relationship & can learn to be freer by using client/therapist relationship to gain >self understanding

answer

Clients experience in person-centered therapy

question

openness to experience; trust themselves; internal source of evaluation; willingness to continue growth

answer

Rogers found people become actualized by

question

if the ___ ___ ___ exist, in time constructive personality change will occur, Rogers says they are necessary & sufficient 4 chng 2 occur

answer

Therapeutic core conditions

question

not sympathy or feeling sorry but helping client pay attn, value their experience c earlier experiences in new ways, modify perceptions & increase confidence

answer

Empathy

question

the cornerstone of the person-centered approach

answer

Accurate empathy

question

in person-centered approach how does the therapist grasp the clients world & reflect this understanding

answer

Simply by restating what the client said

question

THE critical factor determining successful counseling outcomes in person-centered counseling

answer

Ability to establish a strong connection with the client

question

in person-centered approach items essential for clients progress is the therapist...

answer

Presence, engagement & absorption (with client)

question

proves presence is far >powerful than any technique used to bring about change

answer

Skills like listening, accepting, respecting, understanding & responding

question

what matters in not how the counselor assesses the client but the clients self assessment

answer

Role of assessment in person-centered therapy

question

the client sees them as relevant & credible

answer

Our techniques are only helpful if

question

when people are in crisis one of the 1st steps is to give them the opportunity to fully express themselves

answer

Person-centered approach is especially applicable in crisis intervention because

question

ground people in crises, calm them in turmoil & enables clear thinking for better decisions

answer

Person-centered technique of sensitive listening, hearing, & understanding esp helps

question

an effective therapist that is grounded, centered, genuine, present, focused, patient & accepting in a way involving maturity

answer

Define person-centered approaches "way of being"

question

the use of confrontation is a special skill of person-centered therapists

answer

Carl Rogers attitude of confrontation with the client

question

one says we are faced w/ anxiety to create an i.d. in a world lacking intrinsic meaning, the other each of us has innate potential in finding meaning

answer

Were existentialist and humanist disagree

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