9th Grade Physical Science Ch. 6: Thermal Energy
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temperature
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the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object.
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thermal energy
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the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object.
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heat
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thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature.
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specific heat
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amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1degree C
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conduction
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the transfer of thermal energy by collisons between particles in matter
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radiation
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the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
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insulator
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a material in which heat flows slowly
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convection
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the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place.
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solar collectors
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absorb radiant energy from the sun
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thermodynamics
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the study of relationships between thermal energy, heat, and work
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first law of thermodynamics
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the increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the heat transferred to the system.
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second law of thermodynamics
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states that is is impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done.
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heat engine
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a device that converts heat into work
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internal combustion engine
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heat engine that burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders.
