8-The Play Years Biosocial Development – Flashcards
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By age 6, the average child in a developed nation weighs about _______ pounds and is ______ inches tall.
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46; 46
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Why is body size especially variable among children of African descent?
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Africans are more genetically diverse than people from other continents are.
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Nelson's 2004 study of New York children found that the weight of young children:
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was negatively correlated with income.
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The "just so" or "just right" phenomenon:
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is a pathological development in a young child.
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A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:
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3
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The 5-year-old brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weight in adulthood.
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90
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Myelination
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must be complete by 3 years for normal development to proceed.
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The _________ keeps the brain's hemispheres coordinated in their processing.
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corpus callosum
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Which of the following is controlled by the right half of the brain?
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emotional and creative impulses
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Most people:
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use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions.
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The maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs between the ages of 2 to 6 is responsible for:
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more regular sleep.
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The maturation of the ___________ improves a child's performance when playing "Simon Says".
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prefrontal cortex
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Perseveration is the opposite of:
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impulsiveness
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The _______ is the brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety.
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amygdala
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Which of the following is a central processor of memory, especially of memory of locations?
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hippocampus
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The part of the limbic system that produces hormones is the:
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hypothalamus.
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An example of a gross motor skill is:
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pumping a swing
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The most common cause of death in childhood is:
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violence
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At what age does a disease become more likely to be the cause of your death than an accident?
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40
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Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control?
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Appropriate social controls can minimize harm.
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of ___________ prevention.
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secondary
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A call to poison control would be an example of ___________ prevention.
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tertiary
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One-fourth of young adults report:
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having been slapped, hit, or kicked by an adult caregiver before sixth grade.
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What do pierced ears and spanking have in common?
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Both are considered child abuse in some countries and not in others.
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Secondary prevention of child maltreatment will be more effective if it:
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does not stigmatize certain families as inadequate.
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The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):
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a. is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.
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When many ethnic groups live together in the same developed nation, children of ________ descent tend to be tallest.
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African
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Between the ages of 2 and 6, it is normal for:
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appetite to decrease.
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The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in developed countries is insufficient:
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iron, zinc, and calcium.
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The 2-year-old brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weight in adulthood.
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75
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After infancy, most of the increase in brain weight occurs because of:
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myelination.
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Which of the following statements about left-handedness is TRUE?
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Although a genetic preference, left-handedness can be modified by experience.
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Which area is said to be the "executive" of the brain?
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prefrontal cortex
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An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for a lack of:
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self-control
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Which of the following is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions?
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the limbic system
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Stressful experiences are likely to foster growth if:
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a child has something or someone to temper the stress.
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An example of a fine motor skill is:
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pouring juice into a glass.
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One reason that children enjoy artistic expression during the play years is that they:
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are not yet very self-critical.
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What disease is a 3-year-old most likely to die from?
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cancer
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The leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults is:
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car accidents
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What is the leading cause of unintentional death for children aged 1 to 5?
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rowning in a swimming pool
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Why was a pool-fencing ordinance in southern California ineffective in reducing child drownings?
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it permitted one side of the enclosure to be the house
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Improved emergency room procedures are an example of ___________ prevention.
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tertiary
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We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is:
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usually perpetrated by the child's parents or immediate relatives.
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Which of the following is a form of child neglect?
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failing to send a child to school
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Which of the following is a sign of maltreatment?
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fantasy play dominated by violent themes
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With regard to social skills, maltreated children are:
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more isolated.
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Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment?
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removing an abused child from the home
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Children generally fare as well in kinship care as in foster care in the homes of strangers if:
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kin and strangers are similarly screened, supervised, and supported.
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Most foster children:
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average three placements before finding a permanent home.
