question

adaptation

answer

the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)

question

evolution

answer

change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

question

speciation

answer

The process by which a new species evolves from a prior species, the most basic process in macroevolution.

question

natural selection

answer

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment

question

Charles Darwin

answer

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

question

fossil

answer

the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil; commonly found in sedimentary rock.

question

fossil record

answer

a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust

question

variation

answer

(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration

question

over production

answer

more offspring are produced than there are resources for, so they don't survive. Also, known as overpopulation.

question

selective breeding

answer

The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation

question

species

answer

group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

question

generation time

answer

the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation

question

common ancestor

answer

Scientific Theory: the fact that all organisms have DNA as their genetic material is evidence that all organisms may have descended from a common ancestor.

question

DNA

answer

Molecule that carries our hereditary information, Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. (AT and GC) in the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix

question

nucleotide

answer

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

question

RNA

answer

ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production

question

ribosome

answer

a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis

question

cross breeding

answer

when you take one trait from one organism and add it to a new organism, Breeding animals from different varieties to produce a breed with traits of both parents

question

inbreeding

answer

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics; crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles

question

cloning

answer

The process of creating a genetic duplicate of an individual organism through asexual reproduction; Genetically Identical; controversial; the first organism ever cloned was Dolly the Sheep

question

mutation

answer

any change in a gene or chromosome; a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule; can cause some genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia

question

DNA fingerprinting

answer

process in which the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA molecules, in order to identify individuals; used to solve crimes and for Paternity and Maternity tests; process in which the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA molecules.A dye is used to clearly see the patterns of DNA. No two people have the same DNA, except identical twins.

question

mutagens

answer

A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.

question

A, T, G, C

answer

4 nitrogen bases of DNA Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

question

Adenine

answer

Nitrogen base that pairs with thymine.

question

Thymine

answer

nitrogen base found ONLY in DNA that pairs with adenine

question

Guanine

answer

Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine.

question

Cytosine

answer

The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA

question

ribonucleic acid

answer

(RNA) part of the genetic material that organisms inherited from their parents;

question

Selective Breeding

answer

humans cross organisms to obtain desirable traits; breeding plants or animals with certain traits to produce offspring with those traits (Ex: Angus cows are bred to increase muscle mass for more meat; plants that are produced to be resistant to disease)

question

Gene Therapy

answer

a technique of inserting working copy of a gene directly into the cell of a person with a genetic disorder; a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome

question

Human Genome Project

answer

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome; purpose to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome

question

Hybridization

answer

breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals, or parents, to bring together the best traits of both organisms (ex: creating disease resistant plants; crossing a donkey and a horse to make a mule)

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Genetic Engineering

answer

process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms; (example of benefit: creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes) Bacteria is the most commonly used organism for Genetic Engineering

question

double helix

answer

shape or structure of DNA

question

pedigree

answer

a chart or diagram that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait; used to trace the inheritance of traits over generations of families

question

karyotypes

answer

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs; genetic counselors study these to predict genetic disorders

question

genome

answer

all the DNA in one cell of an organism

question

Electrophoresis

answer

A process where DNA fingerprinting where fragments are separated according to size using electrical charges

question

Artic Flounder gene

answer

a gene used to create a plant that can survive the cold

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Stem Cell

answer

unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions

question

genetic code

answer

the order of nitrogen bases alsong a gene

question

protein synthesis

answer

the manufacture of proteins; takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

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Genetically Modified Organism

answer

GMO; a plant, animal, or microorganism in which genes have been added, rearranged, or replaced through genetic engineering

question

gene

answer

a string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait

question

amino acid

answer

basic building blocks of protein molecules, the code for a given amino acid consists of three bases; three bases code for one.

question

Stage 1

answer

Chromosomes are not visible; chromosomes make a copy of itself (parent cell)

question

Stage 2

answer

Copies of chromosomes fasten together; nuclear membrane disappears

question

stage 3

answer

Chromosomes line up along the center

question

stage 4

answer

Chromosomes split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of cells

question

stage 5

answer

Chromosomes become hard to see; cells split and 2 new nuclear membranes form (two daughter cells)

question

asexual reproduction

answer

results in offspring that are exact copies of their parents' genotype

question

sexual reproduction

answer

produces offspring that share traits with their parents but are not exactly like either parent

question

mitosis

answer

One parent cell makes a copy of itself, it then divides and the resulting cells are exact copies of the parent

question

Most of the cells in your body reproduce this way.

answer

Mitosis

question

sex cells

answer

The parent cells in sexual reproduction

question

46

answer

The number of chromosones in a human body cell

question

23

answer

The number of chromosones in a sex cell

question

homologous chromosones

answer

chromosones that carry the same sets of genes

question

Has only one chromosone from each homologous pair

answer

sex cell

question

Sex cells are made during---

answer

meiosis

question

meiosis

answer

a copying process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosones

question

26 chromosones

answer

the number of chromosones in a human egg or sperm cell

question

Where are genes located

answer

on chromosones

question

Mitosis Stage One

answer

Each chromosone is copied

question

Mitosis Stage 2

answer

The chromosones thicken and shorten. Each chromosone is made up of identical copies, called chromatids

question

Chromatids

answer

The identical copies each chromosone is made up of after the chromosone copies itself

question

Mitosis Stage 3

answer

The nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromatids line up along the equator of the cell

question

Mitosis Stage 4

answer

The chromatids pull apart

question

Mitosis Stage 5

answer

The nuclear membrane forms around the separated chromatids, the chromosones unwind, and the cell divides

question

Mitosis Stage 6

answer

The result is two identical copies of the same cell

question

What happens during meiosis

answer

Chromosones are copied once, and then the nucleus divides twice

question

The number of cells made during meiosis

answer

Four

question

Sex chromosones

answer

carry genes that determine sex

question

Two X Chromosones

answer

The kind of chromosones that females have

question

One X and One Y Chromosone

answer

The kind of chromosones that Males have

question

Female Chromosone

answer

This type of sex chromosone has a backup gene if one becomes damaged

question

Sex-linked disorders

answer

Genes for disorders, like diseases, that are carried on the X chromosone

question

Hemophilia

answer

A sex-linked disorder that prevents people's blood from clotting

question

Pedigree

answer

A diagraml for tracing a trait through generations of a family, used to predict whether a person is a carrier of a disease

question

Solid Square

answer

In a pedigree this indicates that a person has a certain trait

question

Half-Filled Square

answer

In a pedigree indicates that a person is a carrier of the trait

question

Selective Breeding

answer

Breeding in which organisms with desirable characteristics are mated

question

X Chromosone

answer

The kind of chromosone an egg has

question

X or Y chromosone

answer

The kind of chromosone a sperm has

question

heredity

answer

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

question

dominant trait

answer

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.

question

recessive trait

answer

A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

question

gene

answer

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

question

allele

answer

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

question

phenotype

answer

an organism's physical appearance, or other detectable characteristics; visible traits

question

genotype

answer

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits. Represented by capital and/or lower-case letters.

question

probability

answer

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event

question

homologous chromosomes

answer

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

question

meiosis

answer

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

question

sex chromosomes

answer

One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. 23 in humans

question

pedigree

answer

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

question

punnet square

answer

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

question

herterozygous

answer

having different genes on a pair of chromosomes

question

homozygous

answer

an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

question

selective breeding

answer

the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits

question

inbreeding

answer

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms

question

hybridization

answer

crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

question

cloning

answer

making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism

question

genetic engineering

answer

a science of manipulating the genes of living things to instill some desirable trait not present in the original organism. An example is a tomato given a gene to delay its rotting.

question

DNA fingerprinting

answer

a laboratory technique in which genetic markers are used to identify the source of a DNA sample

question

gene therapy

answer

The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder

question

Human Genome Project

answer

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.

question

karyotype

answer

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

question

amniocentesis

answer

(pregnancy) extraction by centesis of amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman (after the 15th week of pregnancy) to aid in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities

question

Gregor Mendel

answer

Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

question

cross-pollination

answer

a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant; by wind or an animal.

question

self-pollination

answer

the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower

question

purebred

answer

the offspring of many generations that have the same traits

question

hybrid

answer

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

question

Copying DNA (Interphase)

answer

Chromosomes are not visible; chromosomes make a copy of itself (parent cell) called chomatids.

question

Mitosis Phase 1 (Prophase)

answer

Copies of chromosomes fasten together; nuclear membrane disappears

question

Mitosis Phase 2 (Metaphase)

answer

Chromosomes line up along the center at the cell's equator

question

Mitosis Phase 3 (Anaphase)

answer

Chromosomes split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of cells

question

Mitosis Phase 4 (Telophase)

answer

Chromosomes become hard to see; cells split and 2 new nuclear membranes form (two daughter cells)

question

Cytokinesis

answer

The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.

question

diffusion

answer

the process by which particles (molecules) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

question

osmosis

answer

diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal

question

passive transport

answer

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

question

active transport

answer

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

question

endocytosis

answer

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

question

exocytosis

answer

the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out

question

semipermeable

answer

membranes that allow some substances through but not others

question

photosynthesis

answer

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

question

celluar respiration

answer

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

question

fermentation

answer

the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen

question

cell cycle

answer

the life cycle of a cell

question

chromosome

answer

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

question

homologous chromosomes

answer

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

question

mitosis

answer

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes

question

cytokinesis

answer

the division of the cytoplasm of a cell

question

central nervous system

answer

The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

question

peripheral nervous system

answer

the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord

question

neuron

answer

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

question

nerve

answer

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body

question

brain

answer

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers

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integumentary system

answer

the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body

question

reflex

answer

...

question

p 664

answer

...

question

digestive system

answer

the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

question

mechanical digestion

answer

the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

question

chemical digestion

answer

enzymes and other chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones

question

mouth

answer

the start of the digestive system

question

teeth

answer

rip, tear and mash food as part of mechanical digestion

question

saliva

answer

moistens food and contains an enzyme to break down starch

question

esophagus

answer

a tube for food between the mouth and stomach

question

stomach

answer

muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

question

pancreas

answer

an organ that secrets chemicals to break food down and neutralize acid at the end of the stomach; secretes pacreatic juices

question

small intestine

answer

long tube with villi to increase surface area for absorption. Chemical digestion continues; nutrients are absorbed

question

large intestine

answer

beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; water is absorbed

question

gallbladder

answer

a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion; bile is stored

question

liver

answer

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; makes bile to break fat, stores nutrients, breaks down toxins

question

urinary system

answer

the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine , kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

question

kidney

answer

either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine

question

nephron

answer

any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney

question

ureter

answer

either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

question

urethra

answer

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

question

rectum

answer

the lower part of the large intestine where feces are stored

question

anus

answer

A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body

question

salivary glands

answer

help in chemical digestion; glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion

question

epiglottis

answer

a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering while swallowing

question

chyme

answer

a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum

question

duodenum

answer

the first part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum

question

ileum

answer

the end part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum

question

jejunum

answer

the middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

question

cardiovascular system

answer

system that transports materials to and from your cells

question

blood

answer

connective tissue made up of 2 types of cells, cell parts and plasma

question

arteries

answer

blood vessels that direct blood away from the heart

question

capillaries

answer

smallest blood vessel in your body, only 1 cell thick

question

veins

answer

blood vessels that direct the blood back to the heart

question

pulmonary circulation

answer

circulation of blood between your heart and lungs

question

systemic circulation

answer

circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body

question

lymphatic system

answer

system that collects the excess fluids and returns it in your body

question

lymph

answer

fluid and particles absorbed into lymph capillaries

question

lymph nodes

answer

small, bean-shaped organs where particles, such as pathogens or dead cells, are removed from a lymph

question

thymus

answer

located above your heart, releases WBCs

question

spleen

answer

filters blood and like thymus, releases WBCs, largest lymph organ

question

tonsils

answer

made up of groups of lymphatic tissue located at the back of you nasal cavity, inside of the throat, and back of your tongue

question

respiration

answer

entire process by which the body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water, 2 parts: breathing and cellular respiration

question

respiratory system

answer

system that contains lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs

question

pharynx

answer

throat

question

larynx

answer

voice box, contains vocal chords

question

trachea

answer

a large tube, windpipe, passageway for air to travel from larynx to lungs

question

bronchi

answer

2 types in which the trachea splits

question

alveoli

answer

tiny sacs, each bronchiole branches to form thousands of these

question

Homeostasis

answer

the maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment

question

tissue

answer

group of similar cells that perform a similar function

question

organ

answer

a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

question

organ system

answer

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

question

skeletal system

answer

a body system made up of bones, cartilage and connective tissue.

question

Four functions of the skeletal system

answer

protection, storage, movement, blood cell formation

question

joint

answer

place where two or more bones meet

question

3 types of joints

answer

gliding, ball and socket, hinge

question

hinge joint

answer

allows movement in two directions

question

muscular system

answer

the body system of muscles that allow movement

question

Muscles work in .......

answer

pairs

question

Tendons

answer

connect muscle to bone

question

flexor

answer

muscle that bends a joint

question

extensor

answer

muscle that straightens a joint

question

integumentary system

answer

the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body

question

epidermis

answer

the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates

question

dermis

answer

the deep vascular inner layer of the skin

question

Robert Hooke

answer

Studied cork under the microscope; named the "cell"

question

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

answer

1st person to observe living things; known as the "Father of Microbiology"

question

Matthias Schleiden

answer

Discovered all plants are made of cells

question

Theodor Schwann

answer

Discovered all animals are made of cells

question

Rudolph Virchow

answer

Discovered all cells come from other cells

question

Cell Theory

answer

1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells

question

Prokaryote

answer

Cell with NO nucleus

question

Eukaryote

answer

Cell with a nucleus

question

Bacteria

answer

Example of a prokaryote

question

Plant or Animal cell

answer

Example of eukaryote

question

Light microscope

answer

Beam of light passes through lens to enlarge object

question

Electron microscope

answer

Beam of electrons focused by a magnet enlarges object; thousands of times more powerful than a light microscope

question

Cell

answer

Living things that are the basic unit of life

question

Tissue

answer

A group of similar cells acting together to carry out a life process

question

Organ

answer

A group of tissues working together

question

Organ system

answer

A group of organs acting together to carry out a specific life process

question

Cell Specialization

answer

Adaption of a cell for a particular function

question

Cell Membrane

answer

Made of phospholipid bilayer

question

Function of Cell Membrane

answer

Controls what enters and exits the cell, protects and supports cell, and helps cells communicate with other cells

question

Cytoplasm

answer

Jelly-like material that contains organelles

question

Function of cytoplasm

answer

Protects and supports the cell

question

Rough ER

answer

Has ribosomes attached

question

Smooth ER

answer

No ribosomes attached

question

Function of Rough ER

answer

Site of protein production

question

Function of Smooth ER

answer

Make membrane lipids and helps in the detoxifacation of drugs

question

Mitochondria

answer

Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA

question

Function of Mitochondria

answer

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; energy source of cell

question

Nucleus

answer

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope that has pores; contains chromatin and nucleolus

question

Nucleolus

answer

Where ribosomes are assembled

question

Function of Nucleus

answer

Directs all the cells activities; contains the cells DNA

question

Ribosomes

answer

Small, round organelles made of RNA; most numerous organelle

question

Function of Ribosomes

answer

Site of protien synthesis

question

Lysosome

answer

Small organelle filled with enzymes

question

Function of Lysosome

answer

Breaking down organelles that are no longer useful, removing "junk" so it doesn't clutter the cell; clean up crew

question

Golgi Apparatus

answer

Stack of membranes

question

Function of Golgi Apparatus

answer

Modify, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for starage in the cell or secretion outside the cell

question

Cytoskeleton

answer

Network of protein filaments called microfilaments and microtublules

question

Function of Cytoskeleton

answer

Helps cell maintain shape and helps the cell move

question

Microtubules

answer

Part of the cytoskeleton that helps with cell division and builds flagella and cilia

question

Flagella and cilia

answer

Mircrotubules that helps cells to swim through liquids

question

Vacuole

answer

Sac-like structure that takes up 90% of a plant cell

question

Function of Vacuole

answer

Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbs; helps plants support heavy structures like leaves

question

Cell Wall

answer

Found outside the cell membrane, make mostly of cellulose

question

Function of Cell Wall

answer

Provides protection and support for a plant cell

question

Chloroplast

answer

Surrounded by two membranes; contains chlorophyll; contains its own DNA

question

Function of Chloroplast

answer

Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis

question

Cell wall and Chloroplast

answer

Found only in plant cells and not animal cells

question

biome

answer

a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities

question

savanna

answer

a grassland that often has scattered trees and that is found in tropical and subtropical areas where seasonal rains, fires, and drought happen

question

desert

answer

a region that has little or no plant life, long periods without rain, and extreme temperature; usually found in hot climates

question

tundra

answer

a treeless plain found in the Arctic, in the Antarctic, or on the tops of mountains that is characterized by very low winter temperatures and short, cool summers

question

estuary

answer

an area where fresh water mixes with salt water from the ocean

question

plankton

answer

the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in freshwater and marine environments

question

deep-water zone

answer

the zone of a lake or pond below the open-water zone, where no light reaches

question

littoral zone

answer

the shallow zone of a lake or pond where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants

question

marsh

answer

a treeless wetland ecosystem where plants such as grasses grow

question

open-water zone

answer

the zone of a pond or lake that extends from the littoral zone and that is only as deep as light can reach

question

swamp

answer

a wetland ecosystem in which shrubs and trees grow

question

wetland

answer

an area of land that is periodically under water or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture

question

deciduous

answer

Trees and shrubs that shed their leaves at the end of the growing season

question

coniferous

answer

term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles

question

temperate

answer

not very hot, and not very cold

question

classification

answer

the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics

question

taxonomy

answer

the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

question

dichotomous key

answer

an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions

question

Archaea

answer

in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetivs; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria

question

Bacteria

answer

in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Eubacteria

question

Eukarya

answer

in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

question

Protista

answer

a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi

question

Fungi

answer

a kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients

question

Plantae

answer

a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis

question

Animalia

answer

a kingdom made up of complex multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment

question

Eight Levels of Classification

answer

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

question

heterotrophs

answer

organisms that cannot make their own food

question

autotrophs

answer

organisms that make their own food

question

prokaryotes

answer

cells that do not contain nuclei

question

archaebacteria kingdom

answer

(ancient bacteria) 1. live in extreme environment 2. unicellular 3. Some species are heterotrophs, while some are autotrophs 4. prokaryotes, no nucleus

question

protists kingdom

answer

1. odds and ends kingdom 2. mostly unicellular/multicellular 3. eukaryotes, have nucleus 4. autotrophs and heterotrophs 5. animal like: protozoans; plant like: algae; fungus like: slime molds

question

eubacteria kingdom

answer

1. unicellular and prokaryotes 2. some are heterotrophs, others are autotrophs 3. both helpful and harmful organisms

question

fungi kingdom

answer

1. mostly multicellular, except yeast (unicellular) 2. eukaryotes (have nucleus 3. Heterotrophs 4. most live off decaying matter 5. absorbs nutrients from substances by using digestive juices to break down the substance

question

plant kingdom

answer

1. autotrophs 2. eukaryotes 3. produce oxygen 4. multicellular 5. have cells walls and chloroplast

question

animal kingdom

answer

1. multicellular 2. eukaryotes 3. heterotrophs 4. live in diverse environments 5. complex organisms 6. strange animal: ex. sponge

question

The Six Kingdoms

answer

1. Archaebacteria, 2. Eubacteria, 3. Protists, 4. Fungi, 5. Plants, and 6. Animals

question

The Eight Levels of Classification

answer

1. domain, 2. kingdom, 3. phylum, 4. class, 5. order, 6. family, 7. genus, and 8. species

question

3 Domains that are used today

answer

Archaebacteria, Bacteria, Eukaryote

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