7th grade Chapter 7 World history – Flashcards
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years 220-589
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Period of Disunion Time of war and disorder
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years 589-618
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Sui Dynasty Grand Canal begun, restored order
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years 618-907
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Tang Dynasty Strong leaders (Empress Wu), Age of buddhism, advances in agriculture, art.
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Years 960-1279
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Song Dynasty New inventions, and advances, growth of cities, Neo-Confuciansim becomes popular
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Years 1368-1644
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Ming Dynasty Chinese rule, stable dynasty, great sea voyages, great building projects, isolationism
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Period of Disunion
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time of war and disorder that followed the end of the Han Dynasty.
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The age of Buddhism
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saw major religious changes in China
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Advances in agriculture led to
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increased trade and population growth
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Cities and trade grew during what dynasty? These were period of great wealth and progress
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Tang and Song dynasties
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What dynasty/ies produced fine arts and inventions?
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Tang and Song
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Confucianism underwent changes and influenced?
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Chinese government
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Who ran China's government during the Song dynasty?
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Scholar-officials
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The Mongol Empire included?
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China, and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty
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The Ming dynasty was a time of
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Stability and prosperity
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China under the Ming saw great changes in?
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It's government and relations with other countries
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China was reunified under?
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The Sui, Tang and Song dynasties. China remained unified for most of the next 700 years.
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Most of China's history is divided into?
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Dynasties
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Historians sometimes call the time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Han?
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The Period of Disunion
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When the Han dynasty collapsed in 220 what happened?
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China split into several rival kingdoms, each ruled by military leaders.
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As a result of mixing of cultures (nomadic tribes settled in Northern China, and many northern Chinese moved south) during the Period of Disunion what happened?
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Chinese culture changed in both north and south China. New types of art and music developed. New foods and clothing styles became popular. The new culture spread over a wider geographic area than ever before, and more people became Chinese.
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Who was the man who finally ended the Period of Disunion?
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A northern ruler named Yang Jian. In 589, he conquered the south, unified China, and created the Sui Dynasty
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Grand Canal
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A canal linking northern and southern China, began during the Sui dynasty
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What dynasty replaced the Sui in 618
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Tang dynasty, ruled for nearly 300 years.
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What dynasty is known as the golden age of Chinese civilization?
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Tang dynasty
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Who was the only woman to rule China?
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Empress Wu (625-705)
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Whose methods of ruling were sometimes vicious, but was intelligent and talented?
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Empress Wu
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After the Tang Dynasty fell, China was so divided, it went through a period of chaos and disorder, with separate kingdoms competing for power. What was the 53 year long period knows as?
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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
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One of the largest religions, originating in India around 500 BC
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Buddhism
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This religion came to China during the Han dynasty.
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Buddhism
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The period from about 400 to about 845 can be called the?
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Age of Buddhism, this was because Buddhism in China was so important and influenced many aspects of Chinese culture, including art, literature, and architecture.
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During what period did many Chinese people turn to Buddhism?
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Period of Disunion
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Why did people take comfort in the Buddhist teachings?
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they believe people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace.
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During what dynasties did Buddhism become well established throughout China and Buddhist temples arise across the land?
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During the Sui and Tang dynasties
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What philosopher embraced Buddhism
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Chinese Buddhist missionaries brought the religion to
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Japan, Korea, and other Asian lands.
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During the Song dynasty, Chinese ___________ reached new heights.
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Farming/Agriculture
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What did farmers elaborately create based on new techniques and devices?
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Irrigation systems
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Farms became more productive, thanks to the discovery of?
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Fast-ripening rice. This rice enabled farmers to grow tow or even three crops in the time it used to take to grow just one.
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Chinese farmers processed cotton fiber to make?
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Clothes and other goods
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Agricultural surpluses during the Song dynasty helped?
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Pay taxes to the government
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Under the Song dynasty merchants traded what?
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Food crops
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What helped the population of China grow to more that 100 million people?
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Merchants trading food crops, food was abundant not just in the countryside but in the cities, too.
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What crop has been vital in southern China, where the warm, wet climate is perfect?
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Rice
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Sometimes farmers build what in order to create level land for rice farming?
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Terraces
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China's capital and largest city of the Tang dynasty with over one million people was?
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Chang'an
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Traders used the country's ___________ to ship goods on barges and ships?
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Rivers
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A series of waterways that linked the countryside and major cities, carried a huge amount of trade goods, especially farm products?
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Grand Canal (Is over 1000 miles) It is the world's largest human waterway.
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The Grand Canal allowed the Chinese to?
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Move goods and crops from distant agricultural areas into cities.
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What export was especially important? So valuable that the Chinese kept the making of making it a secret?
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Silk
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What were some of the goods the Chinese exported?
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tea, rice, spices, jade and silk
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A thin, beautiful type of pottery is called
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porcelain
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Foreign trade used what types of routes for trade?
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land routes and maritime or sea routes
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Painted Murals that celebrated Buddhism and nature
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Wu Daozi
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Two poets that readers still enjoy for their beauty
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Li Bo and Du Fu
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China's greatest female poet
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Li Qingzhao
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Porcelain items covered in a pale green glaze
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Celadon
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The Tang and Song dynasties produced some of the most remarkable and most important inventions in human history. Some of these are:
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paper, porcelain, woodblock printing, gunpowder, movable type, magnetic compass, paper money
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A form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood
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Woodblock printing
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A mixture of powders used in guns and explosives
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Gunpowder
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Instrument which uses the earth's magnetic field to show direction
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Compass
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These teachings focused on ethics, or proper behavior, for individuals and governments
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Confucius
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Confucius argued that society would
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Function best if everyone followed ren and li. Ren is concern for others and Li is appropriate customs and behaviors.
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Confucianism stressed what type of behavior?
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Ethical behavior
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Buddhism stressed what type of behavior?
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A spiritual outlook that promised escape from suffering.
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Incentive
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Something that leads people to follow a certain course of action
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Bureaucracy
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A body of unelected government officials
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Civil Service
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Service as a government official
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The Song established a system by which people went to work for the government. These workers formed a large ___________ by passing a series of written ________________ examinations
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bureaucracy and civil service
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Scholar-official
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An educated member of the government. They were elite members of society.
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Passing the civil service examination during the Song dynasty meant life as a
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scholar-official
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During the Song period, what ideas helped shape China's government?
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Confucian ideas
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The Mongol Empire included China, and the Mongols ruled Chinas as which dynasty?
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Yuan Dynasty
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The Ming dynasty was a time of
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stability and prosperity
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Define khan
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A powerful leader
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Genghis Khan's name means?
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Universal Ruler
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Who organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest throughout much of Asia and Eastern Europe?
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Genghis Khan
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Kublai Khan
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Genghis Khan's grandson. He completed the conquest of China and declared himself emperor of China in 1279.
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What did Kublai Khan name his new dynasty?
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Yuan Dynasty, His empire stretched all the way to eastern Europe, covering more land than any other empire in world history
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What Italian merchant wrote about the Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty sparking much European interest in China?
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Marco Polo
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The Mongols were not contact with their lands and decided to invade what country, which proved to be disastrous?
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Japan
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What dynasty that lasted nearly 300 years proved to be one of the most stable and prosperous times in Chinese history?
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Ming dynasty
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During the Ming Dynasty the Chinese improved their?
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Fabulous ships and goodwill voyages of Zheng He, the famous Forbidden city at the center of Beijing, and the Great Wall of China
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Zheng He
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The greatest sailor of the Ming period
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Everywhere Zheng He's ships landed he presented leaders with?
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Beautiful gifts from China. He boasted about his country and encouraged foreign leaders to send gifts to China's emperor.
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What is the largest building in the Forbidden City?
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The Hall of Supreme Harmony. Grand celebrations for important holidays, like the emperor's birthday and the New Year, were held there.
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Built during the Ming Dynasty what is the huge complex of almost 1,000 buildings in the heart of China's capital called?
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The Forbidden City
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What rulers directed the restoration of the famous Great Wall of China?
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Ming Rulers
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Isolationism
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A policy of avoiding contact with other countries
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What country has one of the biggest populations in the world?
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China
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What is the current population of China
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1.5 billion
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What type of country is China
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A colossal country with a variety of landscapes
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What type of people is 90% of Modern China's population?
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"Han" Chinese
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How many ethnic groups are in Modern China?
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55
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In the 20th century what type of nation did China become?
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Communist
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Who established the People's Republic of China in 1949?
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Mao Tse-Tung
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Mao Tse-Tung did the following
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banned religion, outlawed private wealth, brutal leader, 30 million chinese dies from his policies, can still be seen all over china
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What is the Chinese language based on?
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Character
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How many children can people have in China?
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Only one, to ensure the population does not grow too fast.
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China is an empire that has survived for how many years?
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4,000
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The Qin Dynasty wanted to take over what?
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The seven states
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If you died making the Great Wall of China where were you buried?
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In the wall
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Most of China's history is divided into what?
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Dynasties
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The worlds first paper _________ was invented in China
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Money
