6th Grade Science Study Guide – Flashcards
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hypothesis
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An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question
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infer
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guess correctly, to find out by reasoning; to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of thought; to hint, suggest, imply
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controlled experiment
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experiment that tests the effect of a single variable
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variable
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something in an experiment that can change
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independent variable
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variable that is changed in an experiment
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dependent variable
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the variable that is measured in an experiment
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constant
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variable that is not changed in an experiment
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critical thinking
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Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
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data
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the information gathered from observations.
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Earth science
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The study of earth and space; includes geology, meteorology, astronomy, and oceanography
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life science
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The study of living things
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model
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represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it
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physical science
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the study of matter and energy
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science
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the study of the natural world
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scientific law
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A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data
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scientific theory
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A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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system
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an organized group of parts that work together to form a whole
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technology
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tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs
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measurement
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a quantity that has both a number and a unit
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precision
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the exactness of a measurement
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accuracy
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How close a measurement is to the true value
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description
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an explanation of an observation
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SI
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the international system of units
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meter
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The basic SI unit of length
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volume
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the amount of space an object takes up
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mass
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the amount of matter in an object
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kilogram
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SI unit for mass, one thousand grams
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weight
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the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
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kelvin
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SI unit for temperature, - fundamental SI unit of temperature where zero degrees Kelvin is equal to absolute zero.
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rate
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amount of change of one measurement in a given amount of time
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table
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a set of data arranged in rows and columns
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graph
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A diagram that shows how two variables are related.
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line graph
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shows the relationship between two variables, shows change over time
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bar graph
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a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data
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circle graph
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A graph of data where the entire circle represents the whole or 100%, shows parts of a whole
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estimation
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method of making an educated guess at a measurement, An approximate calculation of quantity
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J.J. Thompson
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used the cathode ray tube to discover the electron
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Lavoisier
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(1743-1794) father of modern chemistry - co discovered oxygen and hydrogen, introduced metric system, invented first periodic table. Beheaded in French Revolution
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Ernest Rutherford
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British physicist discovered the nucleus, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at thin sheet of gold foil, some particles were deflected almost as if it hit something solid
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Chadwick
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discovered the neutron, introduced Law of Conservation of Matter
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John Dalton
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discovered the atomic theory, or the idea that everything was made up of atoms, created first model of the atom
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Periodic Table of Elements
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the scientific chart that contains an arrangement of all known elements into a particular order based upon the number of protons and other properties of each element.
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How many known elements in the Periodic Table of Elements
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115
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How many elements in the Periodic Table of Elements are naturally occuring
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90
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Metals
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elements on the periodic table with high luster, good electrical conductivity, malleability, and loosely held valence electrons.
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Non-Metals
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elements on the periodic table that are usually dull in appearance, poor conductors of heat and electricity, gases at room temperature
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Transitional metals
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elements on the periodic table that are used because they have high melting points and are hard.
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Semi-metals
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elements on the periodic table that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
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Noble gases
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non-metallic elements on the periodic table which contain the most stable and nonreactive elements (also called the inert gases because they do not participate in many chemical reactions)
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Atomic Number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Atomic Mass
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total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units
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Chemical Symbol
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a one or two letter representation of an element, the abbreviation for the name of an element
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Number of protons
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equals number of electrons
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Number of neutrons
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Mass number - atomic number
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Number of electrons
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equals the number of protons
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Matter
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that which has mass and occupies space
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Atoms
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the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons.
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Elements
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a molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.
