4th Grade Social Studies test chapter 7 – Flashcards
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Before the 1860s, how did Californians communicate with the East?
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Answer: They communicated with the East by letters carried on ships.
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What was John Butterfield's contribution to California's growth as a state?
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Answer: He founded a company that carried mail by stagecoach.
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Who were the Big Four?
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Answer: The Big Four was a group who owned the Central Pacific Railroad Company.
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Why was it hard for companies to find workers for the transcontinental railroad?
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Answer: Many Americans were involved in the Civil War.
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How was California's economy affected at first by the completion of the transcontinental railroad?
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Answer: Cheap goods from outside the state caused businesses to close.
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What enabled the Southern Pacific Railroad to gain more than 11 million acres of California land?
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Answer: Under the Pacific Railroad Act, companies got land for every mile of track they laid.
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California farmers began to export wheat to France and Italy. What does the word export mean?
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Answer: to sell to other countries
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What caused the violence at Mussel Slough?
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Answer: Farmers and a railroad company disagreed over the price of land.
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What enabled people to establish farms in the Imperial Valley in the early 1900s?
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Answer: Workers built a canal from the Colorado River to irrigate the land.
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Use the time zone map to answer this question. The 1906 earthquake hit San Francisco just after 5:00 A.M. What time was it in New York City then?
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Answer: just after 8:00 A.M.
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The name of the scientist who worked to develop new and better kinds of plants is _______________.
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Answer: Luther Burbank
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The name of a successful wheat farmer from the Central Valley is ___________________.
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Answer: John Bidwell
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The name of one of the members of the Big Four is ____________________________.
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Answer: Leland Stanford
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The name of an engineer with a plan for building a transcontinental railroad is ______________.
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Answer: Theodore Judah
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The name of the herbalist who came to California to look for gold is _______________________.
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Answer: Yee Fung Cheung
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How was the transcontinental railroad paid for? (Essay question)
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Answer: Theodore Judah asked the Big Four to invest in the railroad. Then he asked Congress to provide money and land to lay track east from Sacramento.
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Who were the workers who built the transcontinental railroad, and what challenges did they face? (Essay question)
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Answer: The Union Pacific Railroad hired Irish immigrants and Civil War soldiers to lay tracks from the east. The Central Pacific Railroad hired many Chinese immigrants to lay tracks from the west. Both groups were challenged to work fast. The Chinese workers faced many dangers such as blasting tunnels through the Sierra Nevada mountains.
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Would commercial farms have developed in California without the gold rush? Explain. (Essay question)
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Answer: Commercial farms would have developed in California without the gold rush. Because of California's fertile soil and long growing season, commercial farms would have started sometime even without the gold rush. The gold rush only helped to speed up the process.
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California farmers found solutions for many of the problems they faced. Complete the chart below by writing solutions to the problems listed. 1. Problem: Most of the land in the Imperial Valley was too dry for farming. 2. Problem: Oranges grown in California were sour and full of seeds. 3. Land along the Sacramento River often flooded.
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Answers: 1. Solution: Canals were built to irrigate the land. 2. Solution: Orange growers started a better type of oranges including the Washington navel and the Valencia. 3. Solution: Levees were built to control the flooding.
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What changes took place in the speed of communication between California and the eastern states in the 1850's and the early 1860's? (Essay question)
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Answer: In 1858, the Overland Mail Company brought mail by stagecoach from Missouri to California in 24 days. Then, in 1860, Pony Express riders succeeded in bringing mail by horse in only 10 days. Finally, in 1861, the first telegraph line connected California to the East. The telegraph could send message across the country in just a few minutes.
