3.7 Art of Europe and America (1700-1865) – Flashcards

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Louis XIV - Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701
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Baroque idealize ruler but also natural (youthful legs & natural/older face) "Sun King" - put self in center of France pinnacle of male fashion; in place of power
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Hall of Mirrors - Mansart and le Brun, 1676
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painted ceiling, gold ornamentation, mirrors, windows, chandeliers promote France as most powerful/wealthy through art, culture, etc.
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French Academy
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Founded in 1648 under rule of the Sun King Provided training for artists and a platform to exhibit their work
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Salon exhibitions
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Under authority of the Academy Hanging of artworks followed the hierarchy of genres
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Hierarchy of genres
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history painting - culmination of all skills, were large scale, based on literary/historical/biblical events portraiture - figure, painter would look at sitter, mostly of higher class who could afford it genre painting - scenes of everyday people/events landscape painting animal painting still life painting
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Rococo
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A style that appeared in Europe from the 17th to 18th centuries, particularly in France This style can be characterized by its light-hearted subject matter, pastel colors, and extravagant ornamentation in interior design wanning of religious subject matter because the rich nobility patron it more
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The Swing - Fragonard, 1766
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rococo bottom man is hiding = illicit affair woman is looking at man like "whoops i lost my shoe" = he gets view up her skirt pastel, has cupids - love, light is coming from trees right onto her, lush and bountiful forrest
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Revolution
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18th century Period of political upheaval -French Revolution overthrows monarchy in France (1789-1799) -American Revolution leads to independence for British Colonies (1775-1783) emergence of enlightenment - separate from religion, promote rationality
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Neoclassicism
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A style of art and architecture that emerged in the late 18th century as part of a general revival of interest in the classical cultures. During this time artists adopted themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome, sometimes to convey moral messages or exemplify civic responsibility
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The Oath of the Horatti - Jacques-Louis David, 1784
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neoclassicism studied in Italy, brought back things he saw to France (columns, arches) somber and natural color, balance and symmetry, subject matter is Roman conflict between Rome and neighboring city; 3 best from each city were sent to fight to death 3 boys standing with pride and power = doing things for state echoes patriotism mother and sisters are weeping
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The Death of Marat - Jacques-Louis David, 1793
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neoclassicism Marat = leader of revolution, goal to wipeout immoral nobility (sent hundreds to death by guillotine), had skin condition so treatment in bath (had desk) Marat is a martyr - died while serving cause; pose mirrors Jesus being taken down from cross dark, earthy, natural tones, portraying message (martyr)
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Art in the 1800s
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Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821) Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840) Art: shift from Neoclassicism to Romanticism and Realism -Invention of photography
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Romanticism
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A Western cultural phenomenon, beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850 CE, that gave precedence to feeling and imagination over reason and thought -Rebellion against the "Age of Reason"
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Liberty Leading the People - Delacroix, 1830
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romanticism movement and drama, emphasizes feeling & imagination: woman half naked leading troops she is personification of liberty - brush strokes are more visible
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Realism
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A movement that emerged in mid-19th century France; these artists represented the modern-day subject matter of everyday life (especially subjects that previously had been considered inappropriate for depiction) in a relatively naturalistic mode [only what you can see is real, visible = real] -Reaction against both Neoclassicism and Romanticism -Artists focused on the everyday and the ordinary for subject matter -Key artists include: Gustav Courbet and Edouard Manet
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Stonebreakers - Courbet, 1849
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realism scale is large - tells us it is important figures are realistic and not idealized - clothes are ripped working = occupation was reserved for very poor in France trying to give accurate account of abuse and struggle = underlying message of social change & equality; some called it "cult of the ugly"
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Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass)
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realism woman sitting casually, slouched, naked, with men real, dark colors, talking but she is naked nature, earthly colors eye contact: resisting ideal beauty portions of other well known art inserted such as Titian - were for Academy, which would have recognized the resemblence
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Salon des Refusés in 1863
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Organized by artists and their supporters as an alternative exhibition highlighting an increasingly modern style
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