20th Century - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com

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Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the

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1920s

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The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menotti's

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Amahl and the Night Visitors

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Recordings of much lesser-known music multiplied in 1948 through

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the appearance of long-playing disks

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The most influential organization sponsoring new music after World War I was

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the International Society for Contemporary Music

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The best-known American ensemble created in the 1930s by a radio network to broadcast live music was the

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NBC Symphony Orchestra

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One of the most important teachers of musical composition in the twentieth century was

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Nadia Boulanger

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Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from all except

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American marching band music

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Among the unusual playing techniques that were widely used during the twentieth century is the ____________, a rapid slide up or down a scale

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glissando

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Which of the following composers was not stimulated by the folklore of his native land?

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Anton Webern

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A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as

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tone cluster

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In twentieth-century music, melodies are often difficult to sing because

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of the wide leaps and rhythmic irregularity

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Impressionism as a movement originated in

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France

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Which of the following is not considered a symbolist poet

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Victor Hugo

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When viewed closely, impressionist paintings are made up of

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tiny colored patches

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The impressionist painters were particularly obsessed with portraying

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water

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Debussy's most famous orchestral work was inspired by a poem by

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Stéphane Mallarmé

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Debussy's music tends to

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sound free and almost improvisational

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As a result of his trips abroad, Debussy developed a lifelong interest in the music of

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Russia

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Debussy's opera Pelléas et Mélisande is an almost word-for-word setting of the symbolist play by

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Maurice Maeterlinck

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At the Paris International Exhibition of 1889 Debussy was strongly influenced by the

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performances of Asian music

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The poem which inspired the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun was written by

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Stéphane Mallarmé

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In order to drown the sense of tonality, Debussy

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turned to the medieval church modes, borrowed pentatonic scales from Javanese music, & developed the whole-tone scale.

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A more appropriate term for "neo-classicism" might be

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neo-Baroque

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Neoclassical compositions are characterized by

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forms and stylistic features of earlier periods

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not characteristic of neoclassicism

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misty atmosphere

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Neoclassical composers favored

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tonality

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A painter who went through a neoclassical phase, and who designed sets for Stravinsky's first neoclassical work, was

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Pablo Picasso

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During the period from about 1920 to 1951, Stravinsky drew inspiration largely from

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eighteenth-century music

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Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) is an example of

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primitivism

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Sergei Diaghilev was the director of the

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Russian Ballet

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Stravinsky's Rite of Spring is scored for

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an enormous orchestra

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Which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky's Russian period?

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Pulcinella

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Stravinsky's composition teacher was

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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

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Stravinsky's second phase is generally known as

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neoclassical

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In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, this time drawing inspiration from

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Anton Webern

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Expressionism is an art concerned with

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social protest

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The expressionist movement flourished in the years

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1905-1925

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The expressionist movement was largely centered in

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Germany and Austria

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Twentieth-century musical expressionism grew out of the emotional turbulence in the works of late romantics such as

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Wagner, Strauss, & Mahler

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not a characteristic of Expressionist music?

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classical tonality

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Edvard Munch was an expressionist

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painter

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Expressionism stressed

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intense, subjective emotion

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Expressionist painters, writers, and composers used _________ to assault and shock their audience

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deliberate distortions

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Expressionist composers

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avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions

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When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at

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UCLA

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Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Schoenberg's

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students

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Schoenberg's third period, in which he developed the twelve-tone system, began around

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1921

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not true of Schoenberg's twelve-tone method of composition?

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Each tone of a row must be placed in the same register

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not used to describe the special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in twelve-tone composition

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polychord

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Schoenberg's teacher was

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Schoenberg himself

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Georg Büchner's play Wozzeck was written in the

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1830s

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The vocal lines in Wozzeck include

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Sprechstimme

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Which musical form provides the basis for the last act of Wozzeck

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variations

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statements regarding Berg is untrue

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He composed a great quantity of music in all forms

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Webern's melodic lines are

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atomized into two- or three-note fragments

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Webern's twelve-tone works contain many examples of

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strict polyphonic imitation

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The least important element in Webern's music is

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tonality

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Webern's Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for

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a chamber orchestra of eighteen soloists

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Webern

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enjoyed frequent performances of his own music

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Bartók's principal performing medium was

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piano

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The melodies Bartók used in most of his works are

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original themes that have a folk flavor

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While remaining within the framework of a tonal center, Bartók often used harsh dissonances and _______________ in his music

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polychords

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Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a child's impression of

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a Fourth of July picnic

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Charles Ives's father was a

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bandmaster

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After graduating from Yale, Ives

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went into the insurance business

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During most of his lifetime, Ives's musical compositions

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accumulated in the barn of his Connecticut farm

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Ives's large and varied output includes works in many genres, but not

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operas

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Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a movement from Ives's

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Three Places in New England

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Gershwin left high school at the age of fifteen to

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become a pianist demonstrating new songs in a publisher's salesroom

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The Gershwin song that became a tremendous hit in 1920 was

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Swanee

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Which of the following works is not by George Gershwin?

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The Desert Song

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Rhapsody in Blue opens with

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a solo clarinet

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William Grant Still's opera dealing with the Haitian slave rebellion is

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Troubled Island

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As a result of his studies in composition with composers from two opposing musical camps, the conservative George Whitefield Chadwick and the modernist Edgard Varèse, Still

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turned away from avant-garde styles and wrote compositions with a uniquely African American flavor.

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Each movement of William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony is prefaced by lines from a poem by

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Paul Laurence Dunbar

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William Grant Still's works in African American style, such as his Afro-American Symphony, were

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performed to critical acclaim in New York

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After serving in the navy and a brief return to studies at Oberlin College, William Grant Still moved to New York where he

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made band arrangements and played in the orchestras of all-black musical shows

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Copland's turn toward simplicity in the 1930s can be traced in part to

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the great depression

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In 1921 Copland began a period of study in

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France

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not composed by Copland

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Concord Sonata

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In 1925, and for a few years afterward, Copland's music showed the influence of

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jazz

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An example of Copland's use of serialist technique is

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Connotations

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Appalachian Spring originated as a

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ballet score

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Copland depicted "Scenes of daily activity for the Bride and her Farmer-husband" in Appalachian Spring through

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five variations on the Shaker melody Simple Gifts

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Ginastera's early interest in percussive sounds was fully realized in his work entitled

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Estancia Suite

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The Latin American Center for Advanced Musical Studies, which Ginastera directed, promoted

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avant-garde musical techniques

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Ginastera's music?

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simple harmonies

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In Final Dance: Malambo, the character of the gaucho is shown through

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energetic melodies and perpetual motion

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Many composers since the mid-1960s have made extensive use of quotations from earlier music as an attempt to

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improve communication between the composer and the listener.

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A major composer associated with the serialist movement is

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Milton Babbitt

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Intervals smaller than the half step are called

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microtones

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Twelve-tone compositional techniques used to organize rhythm, dynamics, tone color, and other dimensions of music to produce totally controlled and organized music are called

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serialism

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In chance or aleatoric music, the composer

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chooses pitches, tone colors, and rhythms by random methods.

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Ellen Taaffe Zwilich won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Music for her composition

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Symphony No. 1.

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One of the most widely performed orchestral works by a living American composer is

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Adam's Short Ride in a Fast Machine.

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Ellen Taaffe Zwilich's Concerto Grosso 1985 is an example of

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quotation music.

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"Liberation of sound" refers to

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the use of non-musical sounds, often produced by an electronic instrument.

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Which composer was known for creating dramatic effects through changes in tempo

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Elliott Carter

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In jazz, each statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody is called a

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chorus

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When a voice is answered by an instrument, or when one instrument (or group of instruments) is answered by a chorus, the pattern is referred to as

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call and response

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Syncopation and ___________ swing are two of the most distinctive features of jazz

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rhythmic

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Ragtime flourished in the United States

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from the 1890s to about 1915

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not a characteristic of the blues?

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is only sad and slow

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The most famous blues singer of the 1920s, known as the "empress of the blues," was

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Bessie Smith.

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Blues music is usually written in ________ time.

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4/4

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"Scat singing," which Louis Armstrong introduced into jazz, is

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vocalization of a melodic line with nonsense syllables.

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Short repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called

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riffs

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Cool jazz

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was related to bop but was calmer and more relaxed in character.

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A variety show without a plot but with a unifying idea is called

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a revue.

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Leonard Bernstein was a well-known conductor as well as

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a composer and author-lecturer.

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West Side Story

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is loosely based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet

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West Side Story contains

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an unprecedented fusion of song and drama with electrifying violent choreography.

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Which of the following is not a function of film music?

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provide songs for the actors to sing

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Movie soundtracks can contain

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original music and previously existing compositions.

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During the last few years, moviegoers have

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taken a greater interest in film music.

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A typical rock group consists of

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two electric guitars, electric bass, percussion, and electric keyboard.

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The harmonic progressions of rock are usually

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quite simple

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A method of singing used by males to reach notes higher than their normal range is called

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disco

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Rock is based on a powerful beat in quadruple meter with strong accents on ________ of each bar.

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the second and fourth beats

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