20,21,22,23 – Flashcards
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Which group or groups took part in the February 1892 ST. Louis gathering, which evolved into the People's Party?...
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Farmers, labor unionists, and women's leaders.
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What issues formed the basis of farmers' dissatisfaction in the late nineteenth century?...
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Banking, railroading, and speculation.
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The Farmers' Alliance movement of the 1880s aimed to help famers...
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by sponsoring cooperatives that would give them greater economic independence.
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By 1892, the Famers' Alliance had become...
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the People's Party.
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How did the Populists propose to help American farmers in the 1890s?...
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The recommended creating a government-sponsored sub-treasury.
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The Populists' plan to help western farmers in the 1890s included...
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land reform and government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines.
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What occurrence sparked the Homestead lockout and the ensuing strike in 1892?...
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The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel workers tried to renew its contract.
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What issue triggered the Cripple Creek miners strike of 1894?...
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Owners attempted to lengthen he workday from eight to ten hours.
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Compared to the Homestead lockout, labor's success at Cripple Creek demonstrated...
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the importance of state support in the outcome of labor disputes.
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Which of the following problems was a drawback of living in the town of Pullman, Illinois?...
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The high rents.
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One of the root causes of the major strike at the Pullman plant in 1893 was...
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the company's attempts to control the work process.
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Which event led to the end of the Pullman strike of 1893?...
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The courts issued an injunction leading to the imprisonment of Eugene Debs.
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Which one of the United States allowed women to vote in 1890?...
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Wyoming.
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Why did the American temperance movement attract women in the late nineteenth century?...
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Drunkenness adversely affected women in many ways.
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After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the focus of the organization gradually changed to include...
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social action, labor conditions, and women's voting rights.
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Which of the following describes the National Woman Suffrage Association, which Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony formed in 1869?...
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It demanded the vote for women.
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The unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890 signaled...
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the beginning of a promising new era in women's fight for the vote.
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What was one outcome of the depression of 1893 in the United States?...
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The unemployment of nearly half the labor force.
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In 1894, Jacob S. Coxey led thousands of unemployed people to Washington to propose a plan to...
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put the jobless to work building roads.
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Which issue sparked conflict in the Democratic and Republican Parties as the election of 1896 approached and the depression worsened?...
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The unlimited coinage of silver.
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At the St. Louis People's Party convention in 1896, the Populist delegates decided to...
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nominate Tom Watson for vice president despite Bryan's resistance to the idea.
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What made presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan's 1896 campaign particularly notable?...
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He set a new style for presidential campaigning by traveling and speaking widely.
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What was the impact of the 1896 election on the Populist Party?..
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The Populist Party was the biggest loser.
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What made America's foreign policy paradoxical in 1900?...
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The country wanted to keep the Western Hemisphere closed out to outside influences yet also desired access to Asia.
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How did the federal government respond when American sugar interests requested that the United States annex Hawaii in 1893?...
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President Cleveland withdrew the annexation request from Congress when he learned the Hawaiians opposed it.
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The Boxer uprising in China in 1899 targeted...
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missionaries and their families.
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Secretary of State John Hay initiated the Open Door policy in 1900...
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to guarantee access to trade in China for all colonial powers.
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The Treaty of Paris that ended the war with Spain ceded which islands to the United States?...
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Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
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What occurrence provoked America's entrance into the Spanish-American War in 1898?...
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Pressure by the press and the sinking of the Maine.
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Which of these men became the most famous man in American after the Spanish-American War?..
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Theodore Roosevelt.
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Chapter 21...
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...
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What did Jane Addams quickly learn was necessary to alleviate social problems in Chicago?...
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involvement in political action
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The progressives that influenced the United States during the years between 1890 and 1916 were...
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reformers with a broad agenda of concerns.
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How did the American progressive movement begin and evolve?...
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it began at the grassroots level and percolated up to the national level of government.
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Progressives launched the social purity movement to...
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attack prostitution and other vices.
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The temperance reform movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries stigmatized...
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the Irish, Italians, and Germans
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What was the uprising of twenty thousand in 1909?
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A strike by women garment workers in New York City who were protesting low wages, dangerous working conditions, and management's refusal to recognize their union.
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the 1909 strike at New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist Company demonstrated that...
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women workers could create solidarity across social and ethnic lines.
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Lawyers used a mass of sociological evidence in the 1908 Muller v. Oregon case to demonstrate...
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the ill effects of working long hours on the health and safety of women.
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What idea formed the core of the reform Darwinist theory in progressive-era American?..
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The state should play a more active role in solving social problems.
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One of Cleveland mayor Thomas Lofton Johnson's primary goals was to...
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reduce Cleveland's streetcar systems fare from five cents to three cents to promote working-class ridership.
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How did Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette unite his supporters during the first years of the twentieth century?...
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La Follette emphasized reform over party loyalty.
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In his capacity as a reform governor of California from 1911 to 1917, Hiram Johnson...
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supported conservation, the initiative, referendum, and recall.
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According to Theodore Roosevelt, the absolutely vital question facing the nation when he became president in 1901 was whether...
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the government had the power to control the trusts.
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The Hepburn Act (1906) marked the first time that...
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a government commission was authorized to examine the records of a private business and set prices.
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The term muckrakers refers to Progressive Era journalists who were known for...
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writing stories about corporate and political wrongdoing.
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What did J.P. Morgan receive in return for his actions in the panic of 1907?..
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The tactic approval of President Roosevelt for U.S. Steel's acquisition of Tennessee Coal and Iron.
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How did President Theodore Roosevelt impact land and conservation during his administration?...
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He more than quadrupled the acreage of government reserves.
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Which of the following statements describes the primary difference between preservationists and conservationists in the early twentieth century?...
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Preservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation, while conservationists advocated its efficient use.
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What was President Roosevelt's primary reason for supporting a canal that would connect the Caribbean and the Pacific?...
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National defense.
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The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine...
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set up the United States as the police power in the Western Hemisphere.
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President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in...
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the Russo-Japanese War.
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Which of the following describes President Taft's dollar diplomacy in the Caribbean?
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Dollar diplomacy set commercial rather than strategic goals.
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What factor explained Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential election?
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Theodore Roosevelt entered the race as a third party candidate and split the Republic vote.
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Which of the following statements describes Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?
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It incorporated his belief in limited government, states' rights, and open markets.
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Which of the following statement describes the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
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It was the most significant piece of domestic legislation in Wilson's presidency.
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Woodrow Wilson refused to support child labor laws, woman suffrage, and labor's demand for an end to...
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opposed affording special privileges to any group.
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Margaret Sanger promoted birth control in the 1910s because she...
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believed it would usefully alter social and political power relationships.
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What was the response to Margaret Sanger's first efforts to launch a movement for birth control in 1915?..
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She was faced with the prospect of arrest for distributing obscene information.
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The Progressive Era's Jim Crow laws in the South were designed to...
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legalize and expand racial segregation in public facilities.
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What was the fundamental difference between the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois during the progressive period?..
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Washington focused on education and economic progress, while Du Bois emphasized civil rights and black leadership.
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Chapter 22...
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...
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Before he became President in 1912, Woodrow Wilson was...
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president of Princeton University and governor of North Carolina.
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Which precedent guided President Wilson's policies toward Latin America?
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The Monroe Doctrine.
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What motivated the rebellion of Mexican farmers led by Pancho Villa in 1916-1917?
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The rebels believed the new American-backed government had betrayed the revolution's promise to help the common people.
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The outbreak of World War I in 1914 as triggered by...
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the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Bosnian Serb terrorist.
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President Wilson responded to the initial outbreak of war in Europe in 1914...
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with a proclamation of America's absolute neutrality.
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Which divisions did European countries established before the outbreak of World War I?
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The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
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In exchange for its neutrality in World War I, the United States insisted on having...
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free trade with all nations at war and guarantee of safety on the open seas.
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What was the impact of Great Britain's blockade of Germany in 1914?
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Trade between the United States and Great Britain increased.
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Germany reacted to the 1914 blockade...
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with a submarine blockade of Great Britain.
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How did President Wilson respond to the German's sinking of the Lusitania?
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Wilson threatened a break in diplomatic relations with Germany.
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Why did Germany decide to resume unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917?
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Germany felt it could win the war before the United States could bring its army to Europe.
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Which of the following describes the Zimmermann telegram that made headlines in 1917?
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it promised Mexico its lost provinces in the United States if it would declare war on its northern neighbor.
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The immediate cause of President Wilson's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Germany in 1917 was...
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German submarine attacks on American vessels in the sea lanes to Great Britain.
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How close were the votes in the House and Senate for and against a declaration of war against Germany in April 1917?
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The House and Senate both voted to declare the war with large majorities.
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The Selective Service Act of 1917 authorized the armed forces to conscript...
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all young men.
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The Military Draft Act of 1917 prohibited...
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prostitution and alcohol near training camps.
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Which event led the German republican to seek an armistice in 1918?
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The Meuse-Argonne offensive.
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Which nation suffered the most casualties in World War I?
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Germany
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To ensure the loyalty of an immigrant nation to the cause of the war, President Wilson...
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launched a government-sponsored propaganda campaign to foster patriotism among ethnic groups.
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What reform or reforms did the National War Labor Policies Board enact successfully during World War I?
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The eight-hour day, a living minimum wage, and collective bargaining rights for workers in industry.
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What was the impact of the labor shortage that resulted from the mobilization of U.S. troops in 1917?
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Expanded employment opportunities for women
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The war provided a huge boost for the temperance movement and led to what outcome by late 1917?
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Congressional passage of the Eighteenth Amendment.
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What event finally spurred the granting of suffrage to all American women in 1920?
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Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, which was subsequently ratified by two-thirds of the states.
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President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to...
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stir up patriotism with posters, pamphlets, cartoons, and press releases.
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What resulted from the patriotic fervor that grew in the United States during World War I?
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The German language disappeared from public school curricula.
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The U.S. government passed the Espionage Act, the Trading with the Enemy Act, and the Sedition Act during World War I to...
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punish anything it considered disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive.
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In his Fourteen Points, President Wilson called for...
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free trade and the right of European to self-determination.
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What did the Allies hope to gain in negotiating the 1919 peace treaty in Paris?
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Disarmament and punishment for Germany.
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Why were the Germans outraged by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
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they had agreed to an armistice based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
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How were Wilson's Fourteen Points honored in the Versailles Treaty?
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the versailles treaty included the establishment of the League of Nations.
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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles because he...
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feared the League of Nations would interfere with American autonomy in foreign policy matters.
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The United States failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations because...
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President WIlson would not compromise on the terms of the treaty.
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How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919)?
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it ruled that Charles Schenck's actions posed a clear and present danger to the nation in the time of war.
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Chapter 23...
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...
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America's return to a peacetime economy in 1920 and 1921 was marked by...
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a 20 percent unemployment rate, the highest to date.
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In its effort to create prosperity at home, the Harding administration supported...
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high tariffs to protect American businesses.
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President Harding's administration was characterized by...
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scandals that touched many members of his administration.
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President Calvin Coolidge's economic policy included...
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reductions in government regulation of business
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What was the purpose of the Dawes Plan, which was instituted in 1924?
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the plan cut Germany's annual reparations payments in half and initiated fresh American loans to Germany.
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Which industry formed the keystone of the American economy in the 1920s?
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the automobile industry
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The outcome of the shift toward repetitive assembly-line work and specialized management divisions in the 1920s was..
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a tremendous increase in business productivity and overall efficiency.
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Who was responsible for the creation of welfare capitalism in the 1920s, and why did they use it?
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businesses created welfare capitalism to encourage workers; loyalty to the company.
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Which relatively new industry in the 1920s linked the possession of material goods to the fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs?
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Advertising
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Which element of the American economy during the 1920s lay at the heart of its fundamental lack of stability?
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Consumption
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In the United States, the flapper of the 1920s represented...
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a challenge to women's traditional gender roles
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Which of the following statements exemplifies President Harding's stance on prohibition on the 1920s?
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Liquor flowed freely in the White House during his administration.
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Which of the following statements describes the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, which gave federal assistance to states seeking to reduce high infant mortality rates?
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It was the high point of women's political influence in the 1920s.
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During the 1920s, most American women who worked had...
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office and sales jobs
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When black veterans of World War I returned home from their deployments, they found...
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races riots and economic
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Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association urged black Americans in the 1920s to...
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rediscover their African heritage and take pride in their own culture and achievements.
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The rapid growth of radio in the United States between 1922 and 1929 was funded by...
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advertisers, who wanted to reach prospective customers in their own homes.
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What did popular culture and consumer goods have in common in the 1920s?
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both were mass-produced and mass consumed.
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In 1927, Charles Lindbergh became the first person to...
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fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean
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During the 1920s, rural Americans perceive cities as...
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idyllic places where they might go to enjoy restaurants, theater, museums.
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The purpose of the immigration laws of the 1920s, including the Johnson-Reed Act, was to...
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place strict limits immigration.
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What accounted for the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States in 1915?
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the widespread belief that blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews threatened traditional American values.
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When Herbert Hoover took office in 1929, he brought to the presidency...
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modern ideas about how businesses should operate.
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Which of the following characterized the U.S. economy when Herbert Hoover moved into the White House in 1929?
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There was a huge disparity in wealth between rich and poor.
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Among the first signs of economic distress in the United States in the mid-1920s was...
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a slowdown in the new construction and in automobile sales.
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The fundamental cause of the Great Depression in the United States was...
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problems in the American and international economies.
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The purpose of the President Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation, created in 1932, was to...
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lend money to endangered American banks, insurance companies, and railroads.
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By the early 1930s, unemployment workers were responding to the Great Depression by...
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becoming increasingly outraged and turning toward militant forms of protest.
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How did the Great Depression affect the American family in the 1930s?
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it created resentment among men, who lost their jobs more often than women did.
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The hoover administration responded to the World War I veterans who asked for the immediate payment of their pension or bonus...
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by ordering the U.S. army to forcibly evict them from their camp on the edge of Washington, D.C.
