20.13-20.16 & 21.1-21.3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is ANSWER: anoxia. pulmonary embolism. COPD. pneumothorax. respiratory distress syndrome.
answer
e
question
Asthma is ANSWER: an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways. characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli. an obstructive tumor. a collapsed lung. caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
answer
a
question
The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called ANSWER: pneumonia. asthma. bronchitis. emphysema. tuberculosis.
answer
d
question
A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time you would expect to observe ANSWER: increased cardiac output from the left ventricle. increased cardiac output from the right ventricle. increased thickness of the right ventricular wall. distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lung. no appreciable changes in heart structure or function.
answer
c
question
The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ . ANSWER: apneustic center expiratory centers inspiratory center of DRG pneumotaxic center
answer
c
question
Stimulation of the apneustic center would result in ANSWER: decreased vital capacity. less activity in the DRG center. increased respiratory rate. a shorter respiratory cycle. more intense inhalation.
answer
e
question
If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally, ANSWER: alveolar ventilation would increase. the respiratory minute volume would increase. pulmonary ventilation would increase markedly. a person would stop breathing. tidal volumes would increase.
answer
d
question
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ANSWER: sodium ion. bicarbonate ion. oxygen. carbon dioxide. hemoglobin.
answer
d
question
Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to ANSWER: changes in pH. changes in blood pressure. changes in PO2 . changes in PCO2 .
answer
d
question
The term hypercapnia refers to ANSWER: labored breathing. an increase in pH. the cessation of breathing. elevated PO2 . elevated PCO2 .
answer
e
question
Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct? ANSWER: Since 1992, the incidence of lung cancer among women has been increasing. Before about 1970, this disease affected primarily elderly women. About 40-55 percent of all lung cancers are the direct result of cigarette smoking. Lung cancers now account for 75 percent of new cancer cases in both men and women.
answer
a
question
Evan is most likely suffering from ANSWER: Chronic bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Atelectasis
answer
c
question
Evan complains that the air in his lungs sometimes "doesn't want to go out." At these times, which of the following muscles is likely working harder than normal? ANSWER: Diaphragm External intercostals Pectoralis minor Transversus thoracis
answer
d
question
Evan's lungs probably have an abnormally large ANSWER: Expiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume Tidal volume Residual volume
answer
d
question
Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? ANSWER: secretes a watery fluid coordinates activity of muscularis externa loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels component of mucosa sensory neural network
answer
b
question
The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. ANSWER: serosa fibrosa lamina propria mesenteries adventitia
answer
d
question
A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would ANSWER: increase intestinal motility. increase gastric secretion. decrease gastric secretion. decrease intestinal motility. interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.
answer
d
question
The ability to function over a wide range of lengths is called ANSWER: compaction. spasticity. plasticity. extensibility. elasticity.
answer
c
question
What type muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies? ANSWER: multi-unit smooth muscles visceral smooth muscles cardiac muscles skeletal muscles
answer
b
question
The movement of materials along the digestive tract, as well as many secretory functions, is primarily controlled by which of the following? ANSWER: enteroendocrine cells parasympathetic motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus, or pelvic nerves local factors villi
answer
c
question
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called ANSWER: mastication. churning movements. peristalsis. segmentation. pendular movements.
answer
c
question
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by ANSWER: hormones. parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. the contents of the digestive tract. intrinsic nerve plexuses. all of the above
answer
e
question
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? ANSWER: pancreas appendix spleen esophagus colon
answer
a
question
Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the ANSWER: myenteric plexus. submucosa. muscularis mucosa. mucosa. submucosal plexus.
answer
a
question
Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar? ANSWER: lamina propria muscularis mucosae mucosa submucosa mucosal epithelium
answer
e
question
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the ANSWER: lamina propria. myenteric plexus. submucosal plexus. muscularis mucosae. submucosa.
answer
a
