19’th Century – Flashcards
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By the middle of the nineteenth century, pianos were
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produced in factories, making them more affordable than before
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By the middle of the nineteenth century, music became a vehicle for expressing
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political sentiment and the desire for representative government
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At the end of which movement, without a pause, does Beethoven use extreme dynamic contrast as an eruption into the next movement, highlighting the triumph over struggle that many have heard in this symphony?
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third
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One common narrative associated with Beethoven's Symphony no. 5 is
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a progression from struggle to triumph
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How many symphonies did Beethoven complete?
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nine
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When the individual movements of a large work are related in a tangible and distinct way, the piece is said to be
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cyclic
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Beethoven's assistant Anton Schindler said that Beethoven identified the s-s-s-L theme as
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fate pounding at the portal
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The Erlking sounds menacing in part because, until the very end, he always sings
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softly
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Schubert composed "Erlkonig" when he was
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18
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How does Shubert's setting of Goethe's poem compare to other previous settings?
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it is longer and more musically varied
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Which correctly describes modified strophic form?
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The music is similar for each stanza, but varied to fit the words
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Which is the only character to sing in a major key in Schubert's "Erlkonig"?
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Erlking
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Mendelssohn helped bring to life a long-forgotten work by
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J. S. Bach
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Which of the following is true about program music?
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1) It is instrumental music openly linked to an object, idea, or story.
2) It is often given a title that points the way toward the extramusical meaning.
3) It gave nineteenth-century artists a way to integrate purely instrumental music with ideas
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Mendelssohn's "Overture to a Midsummer Night's Dream" sets the mood in the opening by
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setting the winds at a high pitch
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Which character(s) is/are represented by a "scurrying" theme?
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the fairies
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Mendelssohn's "Overture to a Midsummer Night's Dream" makes sense without prior knowledge of the drama because
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Mendelssohn knew he could not predict his audience's prior knowledge, and composed accordingly
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In the "Symphonie fantastique", the idee fixe represents
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the artist's beloved
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The fourth movement of the "Symphonie fantastique" makes particularly creative use of which sections of the orchestra?
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brass; percussion
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Berlioz's "Symphony fantastique" is a good example of Romantic music because it
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captures the world of the gothic and grotesque
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Even Berlioz's detractors praised his
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spectacular orchestral effects
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The main musical element that unites all five movements of the "Symphonie fantastique" is
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the idee fixe.
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What political events influenced Clara Wieck Schumann to compose "Forward!"?
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uprising throughout Germany
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Clara Wieck Schumann emphasizes the politically charged word "forward!" by changing the
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texture to monophony
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Why was choral music popular during the 1840s?
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the laws strictly regulated social gathering, but allowed for choral groups
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An example of word-painting would be
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placing the word Himmel ("heaven") in a high register
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Schumann indicates that the strophes containing the word "forward! should be sung differently from the two others. How?
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the strophes containing "Forward!" are louder
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The main theme of the mazurka in B-flat first heard at the beginning of the piece consists of
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an upward contour and a major scale
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What feature enables listeners to identify a mazurka?
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a particular rhythmic accent
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A character piece is intended to
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evoke a particular mood
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Using "tempo rubato" means that
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time is "robbed" from one place and given back in another
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Chopin used "tempo rubato" to make his music sound more like
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passionate speech
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Although the themes of "Union" are relatively simple, Gottschalk
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embellished them to demonstrate his virtuosic skill
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What kind of music did Gottschalk play, almost exclusively, at his concerts?
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music he had written himself, to highlight his virtuosity
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"Union" contributed to the war effort by
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galvanizing support for the North
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Among the places where Gottschalk performed in 1862 was
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Toledo, Ohio
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What songs are heard overlapping in section D of "Union" to create complicated polyphony?
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"Hail Columbia" and "Yankee Doodle"
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During recitative, singers use a
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declamatory style of singing
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Verdi's "la Traviata" exemplifies nineteenth-century Italian opera because it
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emphasizes the voice and not the orchestra
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A composer might choose to use virtuosic singing to depict
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rage
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Alfredo's music is
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lyrical to express his love
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Verdi's "Nabucco" was a thinly veiled support for
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Italian unification
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For declamatory singing, the text is typically set
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syllabically
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Wagner's music was interpreted by some of his contemporaries as
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ear splitting noise
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Wagner advocated that in opera, the orchestra should
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participate in the drama
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What is Brunnhilde's relationship to Wotan?
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She is his daughter
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The first occurrence of the sword Leitmotif forshadows
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Siegfried's breaking of Wotan's spear
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Both Wagner's Ring Cycle and J. R. R. Tolkien
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drew on the same Norse myths
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Wagner's view of modern opera was that
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the virtuosity of the singing got in the way of the words and the drama
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Which of the following best describes the entire role of the conductor?
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They rehearse with the orchestra and shapes all aspects of the performance, including tempo, timbre, dynamics, and the texture
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During his lifetime, Brahms was compared to
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Beethoven
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Theme and variations as a form can be traced back to the
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Baroque era
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The primary way Brahms differentiates each variation is by changing the
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orchestration
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How does Brahms superimpose a ternary (ABA) form on a set of variations?
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He creates contrast in the middle variations by using a major key and a slower tempo.
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Formally speaking, the third movement of Dvorak's "American" quartet is a
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scherzo
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Dvorak encountered Native American music while living in
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Iowa
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Dvorak felt himself to be a
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Czech composer
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Over the course of the nineteenth century, the scherzo gradually replaced the
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minuet
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Dvorak thought that by using American folk elements in concert music, he could speak to
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all Americans, regardless of race or ethnic background
