10th grade biology Genetics and Heredity Review – Flashcards
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What are alleles?
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One of a number of different forms of a gene
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What is probability? How does probability relate to genetics?
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The likelihood that a particular event will occur
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In pea plants, the alleles for yellow seeds is dominant to the allele for green seeds. Predict the genotypic ratio of offspring produced by crossing two parents heterozygous for this trait. Draw a punnett square to illustrate your prediction.
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S s __ ________ Possible: ss SS Ss S | SS | Ss | |||||||||||||||||||| s |_sS__ |__ss_ |
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Why can multiple alleles provide many different phenotypes for a trait?
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Because they are crossed with the spouse
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What is a diploid and what is a haploid?
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A diploid is a tern used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. A haploid is a term referred to a cell that contains one single set of chromosomes and genes.
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What is the end result of meiosis?
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Daughter cells mature to become gametes
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what is segregation?
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Separation of alleles during gamete formation
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Explain codominance and incomplete dominance
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codominance is a situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of an organism. Incomplete dominance is a situation in which all alleles isn't dominant
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What is a karyotype?
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Photograph of chromosomes grouped in order of pairs.
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What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
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an autosome is a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. A sex chromosome is one of two chromosomes that determine ones sex.
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How can a family pedigree be helpful in determining the probability of having a child with a genetic disorder?
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Because you could see the people who had a disease in your family, and how common it is.
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Describe the symptoms present in an individual with Tay-Sachs disease
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Muscle weaknesses, decreased eye movement, seizures, and growing head at the age of 2
