10.3-10.4- cancer cells and cell differentiation – Flashcards
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How is the cell cycle regulated?
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The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins.
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Growth Factors
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One group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells.
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Cyclin
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One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
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Internal Regulators
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One group of proteins,respond to events inside a cell.
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External Regulators
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Proteins that respond to events outside the cell.
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Apoptosis
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Process of programed cell death.
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How do cancer cells differ from other cells?
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Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. As a result, the cells divide uncontrollably.
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Cancer
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disorger in which some of the body's cells loose the ability to control growth.
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Tumor
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Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.
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What causes cancer?
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Usually defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division. Also: smoking or chewing tobacco, radiation exposure, other defective genes, and viral infections.
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Radiation
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Cancer cells must duplicate DNA quickly, making them vauerable to radiation damage. Specifically targeted beams radiation can cure some types of cancer.
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Chemotherapy
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Chemical compounds that target, for the most part, rapidly dividing cells. Also interfere with some healthy bodily cells, commonly having serious side affects on its patients. ***Not finalized scientist are trying to improve***.
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3 forms of cancer treatment
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-Radiation -Chemotherapy -Surgical removal
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How do cells become specialized for different functions?
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During the development of an organism, cells differentiate into many types of cells.
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What are stem cells?
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The unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop.
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What are some possible benefits associated with stem cell research?
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Stem cels may make it possible to develop a new field of regenerative medicine, in which undifferentiated cells are used to repair or replace damaged cells and tissues.
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What are some possible issues associated with stem cell research?
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Human Embryonic stem cell research is controversial because the arguments for it and against it both involve ethical issues of life and death.
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Embryo
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Developing stage of a multi cellular organism.
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Differentiation
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Process in which cells becomes specialized in structure and function.
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Totipotent
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cells that are able to develop into any cell that is found in the body ( including the cells that make up extra embryonic membranes and placenta).
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Blastocyst
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Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.
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Pluripotent
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Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types.
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Stem cell
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unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells.
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Multipotent
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Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.
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Name two types of proteins that regulate the cell cycle?
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Internal and external regulators
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How do internal and external regulators work?
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Internal-regulate activity inside the cell, regulates when mitosis begins, regulate chromosome copying.
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What would happen if cyclone were injected into us out during mitosis?
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The cell would begin mitosis if it was not mitotic or get faster or slower in mitosis if it was.
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Where is cancer considered a disease of the cell?
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Because it affects the cells ability to listen to the regulator proteins that make sure it grows and divides properly
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How are the growth of the tumor in the repair of a scrape on her knee similar?
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The scrape on my knee will repair by the cells that were killed being replace with newly divides cells until all the cells touch. In the tumor the cells would continue to grow and not stop until treated, if they are treated
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Why do you think it's important that sells have a control system to regulate the timing of cell division?
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So the cells didn't divide too many times to form a tumor and so the cell does not surpass a checkpoint of what has to be done so the cell isn't messes up.
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What type of potent is a blastocyst?
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Pluripotent
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What type of potent are adults stem cells?
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Multi potent
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Adult stem cells
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Limited life span, constantly replaced,
