World War 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
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The Fourteen Points
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Wilson's proposition for world peace and democracy after the horrors of the global conflict in WWI. It was viewed with mixed reaction from many Americans who wanted to return to post-war isolationism and those that wanted America to play a large role in post-war peace
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Rationing
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a limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use
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Total War
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the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort
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Lusitania Incident
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Event in which Germany sinks a British ship containing over 100 US citizens
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Battle of Somme
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At Somme River.where the soldiors went over the top of the trenches and tried to take to enemy's trench. Not effective and most died.
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Battle of Verdun
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Battle fought between French and German armies from February to December 1916; more than 700,000 people died - one of the most costly battles of the WWI.
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Zimmerman Note
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Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico
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Triple Alliance
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Alliance between Germany, Italy, Austria Hungry
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Nationalism
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the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals
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Vladimir Lenin
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Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters
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"Peace, Bread, Land"
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Lenin's slogan in the Revolution. Peace from the war; Land for the peasants; Food for all.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe.
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The League of Nations
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Located in Geneva, Switzerland, it was established in order to make sure war didn't break out again. The United States Senate did not approve Wilson's plan to join because they thought the terms were too harsh on Germany.
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Gavrilo Princip
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The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
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Militarism
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policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
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Alliance System
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defense agreement among nations
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Imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
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Communist Revolution in Russia
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A revolution in Russia to overthrow the Provisional Government, caused the Bolsheviks to take control
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German Submarines
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Very new weapon. Exsisting international law did not cover it. U-Boats. Sank LOTS of ships.
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Woodrow Wilson
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28th President of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
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Machine Gun
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a rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted)
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Isolationism
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Having little to do with the political affairs of other nations
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The Black Hand
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The Terrorist group that organized the assassination of the Archduke.
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Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles
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"...The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage...of the war imposed...by the aggression of Germany and her allies."
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The Battle of Tannenburg
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Russia attacked German territory from the east and the Germans crushed them. This attack gave the allied forces enough time to turn on the Germans.
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Poison Gas
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introduced by the Germans and was used by both sides during the war; caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation
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The Treaty of Versailles
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A peace treaty signed at Versailles at the end of WW1 that involved 32 countries including Canada.
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Trench Warfare
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type of fighting in which both sides dig trenches and attempt to overrun the enemy's trenches
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The Balkans
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"Powder keg of Europe"
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The Schlieffen Plan
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The plan that Germany would attack France quickly and then move towards Russia
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French-Russian Alliance
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If war broke our Germany would be surrounded
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The Belgian Army & German Actions in Belgium
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The Germans assassinated Belgian citizens because of Belgian snipers. This turns world opinion against Germany.
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The Spirit of 1914
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Men marching off to war with eagerness and excitement
