World War 1- A New Kind of War – Flashcards
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Stalemate on the Western Front
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-the Belgians resisted more than German generals had anticipated -the German's Schleiffen Plan failed -Russia mobilized more quickly than expected -British and French troops pushed back the German drive along the Marne River
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The Western Front and the Eastern Front
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-Both sides began to dig deep trenches to protect their armies -turned into a stalemate -both the Allies and the Central Powers launched massive offenses in 1916
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Technology of Modern Warfare
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-an Allied offensive at the Somme River was even more costly -in a single day nearly 60,000 soldiers were killed or wounded -brutal stalemate -more than 1 million soldiers died and still neither side won
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Trench Warfare
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-from 1914-1918 the warring armies faced each other from a vast system of deep trenches -millions of soldiers lived out in the open -shared food w/ rats and beds w/ lice -tanks, airplanes, and submarines -both sides used aircraft
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Battle on Other European Fronts
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-battle lines shifted back and forth, sometimes over large areas -Russian armies suffered a disastrous defeat at Tannenberg -retreated back to Russia -poorly equipped -Bulgaria joined the Central Powers Caporetto proved themselves disastrous
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War Around the World
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-Japan used the war as an excuse to seize German outposts in China and islands in the Pacific -the Ottoman Empire was a desirable ally because of its location -1.5 million Armenions died -the British government sent Colonel TE Lawrence to support the Arab revolt
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Stalemate
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A competition where neither side can gain an advantage or win
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How did the Allies stop the Germans from executing the Schlieffen Plan?
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Russia mobilized their forces more quickly and Belgium troops held off the Germans longer than expected
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Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front?
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the trench warfare made it difficult for either side to gain an advantage
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Which Front were the battles of Verdun, Somme, Marne, and Ypres fought?
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Western
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Which Front were the battles of Tannenberg, Lakes, and Riga fought?
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Eastern
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Describe how the battle lines moved on the Western Front between 1914-1918
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Battle lines moved south
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What was the 'human cost' of the war?
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To break the stalemate on the Western Front, both the allies and the Central Powers launched massive offenses in 1916
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Based on the map, why do you think many Russians were demoralized by the progress of the war?
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In the five-month battle, more than one million soldiers were killed without either side winning an advantage
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Zeppelins
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a rigid airship
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U-boats
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an undersea boat
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Convoys
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a group of ships or vehicles traveling
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What made WW1 much more deadly than previous wars?
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-new technology -modern weapons caused high casualties
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Describe three specific ways that technology affected the war
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-modern weapons caused high casualties -countries started using poisonous gases -brought about the introduction of tanks, airplanes, and modern submarines
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Why were trenches dug in zigzag patterns?
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They didn't want it to be easy for the opposite people to kill the others faster. Also, this prevented them from being shot in a straight line
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How were dogs used in trench warfare?
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to run messages
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How did technological advances like machine guns and tanks affect soldiers in the trenches?
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they allowed for greater accuracy and larger explosion range caused faster deaths so the battles wouldn't last forever
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What effect do you think trench warfare had on soldier's morale?
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they were traumatized and couldn't function well when they came back to their original environment
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In what ways was the Eastern Front different from the Western Front?
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fighting on the Western Front involved trench warfare, while on the Eastern Front the war was much more mobile
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What happened at the battle of Tannenberg? Why were Russian soldiers poorly equipped to fight a modern war?
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the Battle of Tannenberg resulted in the almost complete destruction of the second army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov
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Describe the events of WW1 in the Balkans and Southern Europe
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the war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and served as a "prelude to the First World War"
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Dardanelles
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a narrow, natural strait and significant waterway in Turkey
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TE Lawrence
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a British military officer who took part in the Great Arab revolt
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How did nationalism within the Ottoman Empire come into play during the war?
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Arab nationalists, unhappy with Turkish rule, joined the Russians against the Ottoman empire
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How did World War 1 affect the Ottoman Empire and European colonies and dominions?
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After world war 1, Ottoman Empire broke apart with the Turks confined to Asia Minor (Turkey). Other European colonies broke away as well. The Ottoman Empire lost territories. German colonies in Africa and Asia became overrun by the Allies. They also turned to their own colonies and dominions for troops, laborers, and supplies.
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Western Front
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-stalemate -first battle of the Marne prevented a quick German victory -soldiers fought from trenches -battle lines remained unchanged
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Eastern Front
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-battle lines shifted -casualties were higher than on Western Front -Russia was poorly equipped and forced to retreat
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Elsewhere in Europe
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-Bulgaria joined the Central Powers and helped defeat its old Balkan rival Serbia -Romania joined Allies, but was crushed by Central Powers -Italy was unable to stop central power's advance
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Ottoman Empire
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-joined the Central Powers -Turks fought on three fronts: Dardanelles, Caucasus, and the Middle East
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European Colonies
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-European colonies were drawn into the war
