World Religions Vocab- Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, And Buddhism – Flashcards
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Judaism
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A religion practiced by about 14 million people worldwide. The first major monotheistic religion
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Monotheism
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The belief in one God
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Ten Commandments
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According to Jewish belief, God's laws that were given to Moses, and which provide Jews with guidelines for living
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Anti-Semitism
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Discrimination most commonly against Jewish people
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Torah
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Sacred writings of the Jewish religion; First four books of the Old Testament
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Talmud
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Collection of interpretations of the Torah
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Synagogue
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Also known as temple or shul, a Jewish place of worship
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Sabbath
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Day of rest and worship observed by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening
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Cantor
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The person who lead songs and prayers at Jewish worship services
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Rabbi
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Jewish religious leader; means teacher
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Kosher
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Following special dietary laws taken from Hebrew scripture
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Abraham
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Father of Judaism
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Christianity
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A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus. This religion is practiced by about 2 billion people worldwide
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Jesus
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According to Christians, the son of God whose life and teachings provide the basis for the Christian religion; Christians believe that he died on the cross to save mankind's sins; He's also known as Savior and or Messiah
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Disciples
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Devoted followers
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Resurrection
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The event where Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead
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Protestant Reformation
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A religious revolution during the 16th century that resulted in the founding of Protestantism, a major branch of Christianity
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Trinity
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Christian belief that one God is three persons-the Father, Son and Holy Spirit
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Bible
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Christian sacred writings
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Sacraments
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Special ceremonies performed by some Christians; Baptism is considered one of these
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Islam
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This religion is practiced by more than 1 billion people worldwide; It comes from the Arabic word for submission; fastest-growing religion
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Muslim
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Follower of Islam
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Allah
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"God" in Arabic
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Muhammad
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According to Muslims, a prophet who received the word of God
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Hijrah
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Mohammed's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar
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Holy cities
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Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem
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Mosque
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Also known as a masjid, a Muslim place of worship
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Ka'bah
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A shrine in Mecca, and one of the holiest places according to the Islamic faith
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Qur'an (Koran)
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The holy writings of Islam; received by the last prophet, Mohammad
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Shahada
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A statement, recited by Muslims, that states the fundamental belief of Islam
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Salah
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Daily prayers of Muslims, said five times per day
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Zakah
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Charity performed by Muslims
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Sawm
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Fasting; Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan
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Hajj
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A journey or pilgrimage to Mecca
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5 Pillars of Islam
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Shahada, salah, zakah, sawm, and hajj
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Hinduism
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A family of religious traditions practiced by about 900 million people worldwide (most live in India)
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Caste System
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A division of social class in India based on ancient Hindu teachings. Now totally illegal, but very present in India
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Brahman
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The supreme essence or God of Hinduism. Hindus think of him in many different forms
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Hindu gods
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Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesh...
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Samsara
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The Hindu belief in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth
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Reincarnation
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The Hindu belief in rebirth after death
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Karma
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The Hindu belief that a person's actions affect what happens to him or her
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Moksha
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The Hindu belief in freedom from samsara; can be reached through yoga
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Temple
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Also known as a mandir, a Hindu place of worship
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Puja
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Hindu and Buddhist prayer rituals
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Shrine
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Area of worship in a Hindu home
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Vedas
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Ancient Hindu sacred writings
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Dharma
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Living the right way
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Upanishads
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More recent than the Vedas; sacred Hindu writings
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Mahatma Gandhi
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Because of his work for the untouchables, the caste system was outlawed; he was born into the second highest caste (Kshatriyas); demanded Indian independence from Great Britain
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Buddhism
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A religion based on the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha; this religion is practiced by more than 500 million Buddhists worldwide; a growing religion; no deity or god
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The Buddha
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A title given to Siddhartha Gautama, which means "enlightened one"
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Great Enlightenment
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The moment at which Buddhists believe the Buddha gained wisdom and became free from life's suffering
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Four Noble Truths
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Important teachings of the Buddha, which include ideas about suffering, its causes, and how to end it
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Noble Eightfold Path
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Important teachings of the Buddha, which tells his followers how to end suffering
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Dharma
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The truth or law of Buddhism
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Reincarnation
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The Buddhist belief in rebirth after death
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Karma
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The Buddhist belief that a person's actions affect what happens to him or her
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Nirvana
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The Buddhist belief in the state of being where there is no more suffering and no more rebirth; in order to reach this, you have to follow the 4 noble truths
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Sangha
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A community of Buddhists, including monks and nuns
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Sutras
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Buddhist sacred writings
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Abraham
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Important Jewish, Christian, and Islamic prophet
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Jewish Holy Days
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Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah
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Christian Holy Days
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Christmas and Easter
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Islamic Holy Days
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Month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr
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Ganges River
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Most sacred river to Hindus; they believe that bathing in the river washes away your sins
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Hindu Festivals
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Diwali and Holi
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Yoga
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A type of mental and physical exercise that helps you reach moksha
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The Middle Path
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Moderation in all things
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Tripitaka
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Another name for sutras
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Buddhists
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These people respect all life and encourage nonviolence and kindness
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Buddhist temples
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Pagodas and stupas
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Dalai Lama
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Leads Tibetan Buddhists (was government and spiritual leader); although he is in exile in northern India, he is still considered by Tibetans their spiritual leader; his real name is Tenzin Gyatso; he is 78 years old
