World Religions Study Questions Ch.2
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The sacred pipe used by many native peoples of North America is called a ________.
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Calumet
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The ________ is the one who contacts the spirit world and attempts to manipulate the power of the spirits for one's tribe or group.
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Shaman
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A strong social prohibition is called a(n) ________.
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Taboo
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A ________ is an animal or image of an animal that is considered related to a family or clan and is its guardian or symbol.
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Totem
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An organic, integrated system greater than the sum of its parts is ________.
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Holistic
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________ is the term for belief that everything in the universe is somehow alive.
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Animism
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Inspired by indigenous religions, Harvard biologist E. O. Wilson proposes that we foster biophilia, a ________.
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Love of life
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The circle is sometimes symbolic of nature and its processes. Black Elk, an Oglala Sioux, points this out in reference to the circular tents of his people called ________.
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Tipis
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The attempt through trance states to look into the past and future is known as ________.
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Divination
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________ is the act of pouring a liquid as an offering to a god.
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Libation
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________ refers to a culture whose various elements may all have religious meaning. The term means organic or integrated, and indicates a complete system, greater than the sum of its parts.
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Holistic
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________ is a native tradition in New Zealand.
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Maori
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A long-stemmed sacred pipe used primarily by many native peoples of North America, a ________ is smoked as a token of peace.
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Calumet
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The Hawaiian term ________ means "taboo" or "forbidden."
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Kapu
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The ________ is a native or oral tradition in Africa.
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Yoruba
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A visionary of the Oglala Sioux, ________ claims in his dictated autobiography that there is no strong distinction between the human and animal worlds but rather a sense of kinship.
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Black Elk
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________ is the so-called Eskimo culture of Canada.
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Inuit
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Literally "eye-movement," ________ is the traditional Hawaiian observance of the four-month winter period, which refers to the appearance and movement of stars.
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Makahiki
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________ was the name given by the Koyukon people of the Arctic to the holy ancient past in which the gods lived and worked.
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Distant times
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Multistoried villages of indigenous peoples of the American Southwest are called ________.
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Pueblos
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The ________ is an underground chamber used in rituals of some Pueblo peoples.
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Kiva
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A bias against the study of indigenous religions up until the twentieth century was
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The assumption that they are not complex
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In the worldview of animism,
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there are no clear boundaries between the natural and the supernatural
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To believe that nature is full of spirits implies that
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humans must treat all things with care
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Sacred time is
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cyclical
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Constructed sacred space
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is often a symbolic shape such as round or square
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Indigenous religions
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make little distinction between a god and an ancestor
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Key events in the life cycle are
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marked with special rituals.
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The Native American vision quest is an example of
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a rite of passage
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Taboos that have been broken are often mended through
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sacrifices
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The term medicine man refers to
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shaman
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Navaho sand paintings are
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temporary creations in a ritual.
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a sanctuary.
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a sanctuary
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A common symbol signifying the center of the universe in many indigenous religions is
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the sacred tree of life
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A human being who contacts and attempts to manipulate the power of spirits for the tribe or group is a
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shaman
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In Hawaii, the goddess of fire, whose place of veneration is the volcano, is
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pele
