World History Unit 6: World War I – Flashcards
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The Great War/War to End All Wars
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The original names given to World War I before World War II began.
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Militarism
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A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war.
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Alliance System
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Partnership between countries to watch each other's back in case one party is attacked by an outside country.
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Triple Alliance
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A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years preceding World War I.
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Triple Entente
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A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.
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The Balkan Peninsula (The Balkans)
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Peninsula in Southeastern Europe that includes Serbia, Bosnia, Albania, Greece and more countries. Nicknamed the "Powder Keg of Europe" before WWI.
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"The Powder Keg of Europe"
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Nickname for the Balkan Peninsula before WWI, due to numerous nationalistic movements against colonial powers, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
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Serbia
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Balkan peninsula country that broke away from Austria-Hungary before WWI, and supported, with the secretive Black Hand, the breaking away of Bosnia from Austria-Hungary.
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Bosnia
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Balkan peninsula country that saw nationalism rise in the year before WWI. Home of its' capital, Sarajevo, Young Bosnia and Gavrilo Princip.
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Ottoman Empire
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Turkish Empire that controlled land in Europe and Asia before WWI, and fought with the Central Powers. Nicknamed the "Sick Man of Europe"
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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The future Emperor of Austria-Hungary, whose assassination in Sarajevo, Bosnia, led to World War I
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The Black Hand
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Secret Serbian group that trained Young Bosnia to assassinate the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
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Young Bosnia
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Yugoslav nationalists who were trained by the Black Hand and carried out the assassination of the Austria-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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Gavrilo Princip
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Young Bosnia member who assassinated The Austria-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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Central Powers
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The alliance of the German, Austria-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires in WWI, against the Allied Powers.
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Allied Powers
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The alliance of Great Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia in World War I, against the Central Powers.
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Neutrality
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Taking no side in a conflict
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Western Front
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In WWI, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allied Powers and Central Powers battled each other.
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Eastern Front
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In WWI, the area between Germany and Russia where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians and Ottoman Turks.
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Schlieffen Plan
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Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWI, where German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia.
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Stalemate
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In battle, a condition where neither side is winning.
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Trench warfare
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A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in battlefields.
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No Man's Land
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The area between the trenches in WWI that was incredibly dangerous.
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Battle of the Marne
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Western front battle in WWI where the British and French fought against Germany's advance toward nearby Paris. The Allies stopped the Germans.
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Battle of the Somme
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Western front battle in WWI where the British and French fought against Germany. 1 million total soldiers died or were wounded in the 6 miles the Allies gained.
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Battle of Verdun
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Western front battle in WWI, where Germany pushed forward against France, but gained only 4 miles. Over 700,000 total soldiers were killed or injured.
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Christmas Truce
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A cease-fire on the Western Front between the Allied and Central Powers on Christmas 1914, where both sides laid their weapons down and met together in No Man's Land
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Gallipoli Campaign
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Failed Allied military campaign in Turkey, in WWI, where the British weren't able to knock out the Ottoman Empire, nor get goods to Russia.
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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The use of submarines to sink, without warning, any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passenger liners) found in enemy waters.
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The Lusitania
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WWI era cruise ship traveling from New York to London that sunk in the Atlantic Ocean due to Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare.
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Zimmerman Note (Telegram)
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German diplomat's secret message to Mexico urging an attack on the United States in World War I, intercepted and decoded by the British.
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Total War
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A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort.
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Rationing
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The limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy-often imposed by governments during wartime, when goods are in short supply.
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Propaganda
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Information or material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent's cause.
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Czar Nicholas II
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Russian Emperor during WWI, who took over as military general along the Eastern Front, but failed.
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Agreement between Germany and Russia to end WWI between the two sides, as Russia left the war.
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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German Emperor of the Second Reich during WWI.
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Doughboys
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Nickname for American soldiers in WWI.
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John Pershing
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Top US General of the American Expeditionary Force (American soldiers) in WWI.
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The Lost Battalion
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Heroic American military unit in WWI that surged forward in combat, and got stuck behind German enemy lines for days before being rescued.
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Armistice
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An agreement to stop fighting
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Veteran's Day
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The day each year (November 11) Americans honor military personnel who fought in war. Once called Armistice Day, this day marked the end of WWI.
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Treaty of Versailles
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The peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied Powers after WWI.
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War Guilt Clause
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Part of the Treaty of Versailles that stated that Germany was solely responsible for WWI.
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Reparations
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Payment made by one to another, acknowledging some act of previous wrongdoing
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Demilitarization
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The removing of all military personnel and equipment from a specific area.
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Armenian genocide
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The intentional attempt by the Ottoman Turks in WWI to wipe the Armenian people off the face of the planet.
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President Woodrow Wilson
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United States President in the years leading up to, and during, World War I
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Fourteen Points
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A series of proposals in which US President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after WWI.
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League of Nations
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An international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations.
