World history unit 6 test review – Flashcards
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astrolabe
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an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets
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circumnavigate
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travel around, either by plane or ship
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caravel
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A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.
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cartographer
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a person who makes maps
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James Cook
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English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779).
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.
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Christopher Columbus
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Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.
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Samuel de Champlain
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Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France. The major role Champlain played in the St Lawrence River area earned him the title of "father of New France."
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Vasco da Gama
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Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.
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Copernicus
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Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
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Galileo
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Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars
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Newton
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This physicist developed the law of universal gravitation and further caused the decline of the old system of science
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Kepler
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German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)
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Columbian Exchange
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The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
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Mercantilism
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an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
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Ottoman Empire
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Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I.
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Safavid Empire
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Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.
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Mughal Empire
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Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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Akbar
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Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536)
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Suleyman
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Ruled Ottoman Empire for 46 years and when it was at its height, he was also called "The Magnificent", spread the empire, many cultural interests, expanded military, millet system, devshirme system,
