World History- Spring Semester Final Exam Study Guide 2015 – Flashcards
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Christopher Columbus
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An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journeys until the time of his death in 1503.
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Mercantilism
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
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Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
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A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
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The middle passage
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The journey of slaves from Africa, across the Atlantic, to the West Indies or colonial America, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route. Many slaves did not survive the trip.
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Oliver Cromwell
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-English Revolutionary
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viziers
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Ancient managers who used the managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
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coup d'etat
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A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group
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realpolitik
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"realistic politics," practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles
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Kristallnacht
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"Night of Broken Glass" -the night of November 9, 1938, on which Nazi troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany
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conservatism
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A belief that limited government insures order competitive markets and personal opportunity.
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nationalism
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A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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industrialism
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an economic system built on large industries rather than on agriculture or craftsmanship
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imperialism
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
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militiarism
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is a build up of arms, investing more money into the military
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system of alliances
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A series of treaties requiring a country to give military assistance to another country if it were to be attacked by a third country. -Dangerous because it dragged many countries into war (Leading cause of WWI)
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fascism
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A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
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socialism
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A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
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Marxism
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..., the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded
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Communism
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A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
