World History Semester 2 Questions Unit 2 Part 3 – Flashcards
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How did Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb affect industry?
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Electric lights made it possible for factories to run after dark.
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Which of the following had the greatest impact on transportation during the second Industrial Revolution?
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the internal combustion engine
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Why did some business owners form corporations?
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to raise money to expand into different areas
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Which factors caused the population of Europe to soar between 1800 and 1900?
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Medicine advanced, and the death rate fell.
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Which of the following changes to city life would be most likely to reduce the crime rate?
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installing street lights
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Why did some workers organize unions?
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to improve their working conditions
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Identify two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution.
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Production became faster and less expensive.
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Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?
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New technologies required the investment of more capital.
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How did city life change during the last 1800s and early 1900s?
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Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.
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Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories during the late 1800s?
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the growth of labor unions.
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Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by...
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applying germ theory to combat disease.
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How did the lives of middle-class women change during the Industrial Revolution?
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They spent more time buying items than producing them.
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By 1900, women in Britain and the United States had not yet won the right to...
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vote.
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Why had colleges and universities changed their curriculum by the late 1800s?
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More people were working in industries that required science and engineering skills.
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Why was Darwin's theory controversial in the 1800s?
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It contradicted the biblical view of creation.
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How did religious groups respond to the challenges of industrialization?
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They worked for reform and social services.
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What did romantic poetry, music, and art have in common?
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They stirred strong emotion and intense feelings in their audience.
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What was the goal of realist writers and artists?
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to present reality and comment on social wrongs.
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What was the goal of impressionist painters?
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to capture the eye's first impression of a scene.
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How did realism reflect the culture of the Industrial Age?
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Realism portrayed the social ills brought about by industrialization.
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Which value most shaped middle class home life during the later Industrial Revolution?
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the cult of domesticity.
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What was one way that working-class women differed from middle-class women?
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They supported temperance and the women's suffrage movement.
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Why were the theories of Charles Darwin controversial?
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They challenged long-held beliefs about human life.
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What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution on education?
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Universities began stressing science and engineering.
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The European nations formed two great alliances because they wanted to...
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protect themselves from their enemies.
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Imperialism increased tensions in Europe because...
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countries built up their military to protect their colonies.
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How did Austria's alliance with Germany affect Austria's reaction to the assassination of Francis Ferdinand?
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It prompted Austria to take a firmer stand against Serbia.
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What was the main reason that Britain entered the war?
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because Germany invaded neutral Belgium
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How was imperialism a cause of World War I?
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Rivalry over overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.
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How did French nationalism increase tensions in Europe?
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France considered Alsace and Lorraine to belong to France, rather than Germany.
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What is one way in which militarism influenced the nations of Europe prior to World War I?
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Militarism contributed to a European arms race.
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Why was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand important?
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It caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.
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Germany, France, and Russia were drawn into the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia as a result of the...
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alliance system.
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What was one effect of the failure of Germany's Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France?
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Germany had to fight the war on both the Eastern and the Western Front.
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What was the most significant effect of U-boat attacks on the fighting on land?
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They destroyed vital supplies.
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What is one way the Eastern Front was different from the Western Front?
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The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not.
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Why did the Ottoman empire suffer important losses in the Middle East?
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The Arabs revolted against their Ottoman rulers.
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Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front because...
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it was difficult for either side to launch an offensive.
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How did new military technology influence the fighting in World War I?
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It increased the number of casualties.
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What is one way Russia's lack of industrialization impacted the war?
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Trench warfare did not develop on the Eastern Front.
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How did the entrance of the Ottoman empire on the side of the Central Powers affect the war?
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The Allies lost a valuable supply line to Russia.
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How were European colonies involved in the war?
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They provided the European powers with manpower and materials.
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Which of the following examples is a characteristic of total war?
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The press is censored to control public opinion.
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What is the meaning of Siegfried Sassoon's poem in this reading?
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It's easy to cheer for young troops and not think of the horrors they will face .
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Which of the following is a key goal of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
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supporting free trade
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Why did Germany ask the Allies for an armistice in November 1918?
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Germany was exhausted and could not hold out against fresh troops from the United States.
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How did the Treaty of Versailles create a climate that might cause another war in Europe?
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Germany was forced to accept harsh treaty terms and might use force to undo the treaty or seek revenge.
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Which of the following was a violation of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
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establishment of the mandate system
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What role did women play in the war effort during World War I?
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They worked in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies.
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What event in 1917 most benefited the Allies?
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The United States declared war against Germany.
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Which of the following was an effect of Allied defeats and high casualty rates on the Eastern Front ?
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Russia experienced a revolution and dropped out of the war.
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What were the Fourteen Points?
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Wilson's plan for ending the war and preventing future wars
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Why was the League of Nations significant?
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It was the first attempt to create an organization where nations worked together for peace.
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Which of the following factors was a cause of Russia's March Revolution ?
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Russia experienced food and fuel shortages and huge casualties in World War I.
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How did Lenin plan to apply Marxism to Russia?
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by creating an elite Socialist ruling party to lead a revolution
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How did the Russian provisional government contribute to the outbreak of the October Revolution?
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by keeping Russia in World War I
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How was Lenin's "war communism" similar to tsarism?
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Both relied on secret police, terror, and autocratic rule.
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Why were political reforms ineffective under Lenin's government?
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The party held all of the real power.
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Which factor was a cause of BOTH revolutions in Russia in 1917?
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Russia's involvement in World War I
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Lenin believed that a socialist revolution could succeed in Russia if...
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a small group of dedicated revolutionaries controlled the government.
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What was the result of the Allies' intervention in Russia's civil war?
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The Reds appealed to nationalism and urged Russians to drive out the foreigners.
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Why did Lenin feel he needed to adapt Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions?
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Russia did not have a large force of urban workers.
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In contrast to Lenin's "war communism," his New Economic Policy of 1921...
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allowed small businesses to reopen for private profit.
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Following World War I, Italian nationalists were outraged that...
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Italy did not receive all the territory it had been promised.
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Which of the following people would be most favored by Mussolini's fascist system?
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owners of steel and iron companies
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In what ways did fascists differ from communists?
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Communists wanted to spread communism internationally, while fascists wanted to strengthen their own nations.
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Which of the following best describes the conditions in Italy after World War I that helped Mussolini come to power?
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Italians tired of social unrest and economic instability.
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One appeal of Fascism to Italians was its promise of...
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stable government.
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Under Mussolini, Italy became a...
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fascist dictatorship.
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Which statement best describes a similarity between fascist and communist governments?
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They both used terror and indoctrination to keep power.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a totalitarian government?
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extreme nationalism
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Stalin's 'five-year plans' were aimed at...
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building heavy industry and improving transportation.
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In what ways did Stalin's terror tactics harm the Soviet Union?
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The country lost many intellectual and military leaders.
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Why did Communists target the Russian Orthodox Church?
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because people's loyalties lay with the Church rather than the state
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Which of the following best describes the Communist party in the Soviet Union?
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A few elite groups became the party's rulers.
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The goal of the Comintern was to...
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encourage the ideals of the Communist Party and worldwide revolutions.
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What policy did Stalin follow to bring agriculture under state control?
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forced collectivization
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Stalin used the Great Purge and "show trials" to eliminate...
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anyone he saw as a threat to his power.
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Why did Stalin target the Russian Orthodox Church?
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He saw the Church as a threat to his power.
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How did Stalin's five-year plans affect industry and agriculture?
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They decreased the output for agriculture but improved industry.
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Stalin promoted socialist realism in order to...
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show Soviet life positively and promote hope in a Communist future.
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Which statement best describes economic conditions in the Weimar Republic after World War I?
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The German government printed extra money to pay workers, causing hyperinflation.
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How did Hitler establish a totalitarian state in Germany?
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He disbanded other political parties and made Germany a one-party state.
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What method did Germany's totalitarian government use to spread Hitler's beliefs?
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Schoolbooks were rewritten to reflect the racial views of the Nazi Party.
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Like Hitler, how were the new dictators in Eastern Europe able to gain power?
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They promised order and stability at a time of economic unrest.
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Which of the following weakened the Weimar Republic?
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The Weimar government tried to help workers by printing more money, which caused the German mark to lose value.
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Why did support for Hitler increase in the early 1930s?
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The German people wanted a strong leader to end economic woes.
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Which action of Hitler was a direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles?
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He built up the German military.
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Which of the following statements best describes Nazi ideology?
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Germans come from a superior race and need to destroy their enemies.
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Which of the following contributed to the rise of authoritarian rule in Eastern Europe?
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Ethnic rivalries caused unrest within independent nations.
