question

the following provide evidence to support the interpretation that paleolithic peoples came up with innovative ways to adapt to their environment...

answer

spear throwers, partially underground dwellings, canoes

question

the social organization of early pastoral and ag societies was based on

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kinship relations

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tech innovation that occurred during the age of ag

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pottery making

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the following represent archaeological evidence from Africa that supports the theory that humans originated on that continent

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stone blades and points fastened to shafts, body ornaments, beads, grindstones and tools from bone

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the ag revolution affected the environment in all of the following ways

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soil erosion, deforestation, new plant varieties

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some historians attribute the birth of civilizations to the need to organize large-scale irrigation projects. what challenges this?

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arch. findings that date complex water control systems to long after the est. of states

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differences in the following can be interpreted as evidence of the unequal and hierarchical societies of the 1st civs

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clothing, housing, burial practices

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earliest forms of writing that emerged independently in the 1st civs

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cuneiform, hieroglyphs, quipu

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reflects the influence of patriarchy on legal codes in the 1st civs

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the legal definition of adultery as a criminal offense for women only

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starting with the first civs, cities assumed the following roles

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admin capitals, marketplaces, cultural centers

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scholars seeking to reconstruct the connections within the afro-eurasian ancient world have followed the spread of this innovation from Anatolia to China

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horse-drawn chariot

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the following reflects a pattern of expressing poli authority thru monumental architecture in the 1st civs

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olmec statues of heads

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long distance trade occurred between these 1st civs

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mesopotamia and indus valley

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the following are foreign influences that contributed to Egypt's empire-building efforts during 1st civs

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horse-drawn chariots, spinning and weaving, cultivation of olive and pom trees

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in what respect did the indus valley civ depart from the 1st civs in the middle east?

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lack of evidence of a centralized state

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the andean civ known as norte chico shared this with other 1st civs

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monumental architecture

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what did the norte chico, olmecs, oxus and early chinese dynasties share in common

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they est. patterns that persisted in subsequent civilizations in the region

question

before 500 bc, mesopotamia experienced periods of political unity under the foreign rule of who

answer

assyrians

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the logging industry in Han dynasty china and the smelting of metals in the 2nd wave civs of rome and greece both led to

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extensive deforestation

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what was a feature of both the classical greek intellectual tradition and confucian thought in China?

answer

secularism

question

what was a new feature that was incorporated into Buddhism as it spread?

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the belief in various levels of heavens and hells

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religious traditions of South Asia that evolved into Hinduism featured

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ritual sacrifice, philosophical speculation, devotional worship

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contributed to the preservation of greek learning in the centuries following the fall of the Roman Empire

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translations of greek works of science and philosophy into arabic in the islamic world

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influence of confucianism on china

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civil service exam system, view of family as mini state, link between filial piety and political loyalty

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how hinduism changed in response to challenges posed by emergence of buddhism?

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belief that detached performance of caste duties provided path to liberation

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similarity between buddhism and christianity

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both began as efforts to reform an existing religious tradition

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zoroastrian idea later incorp. into j/c/i

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hope for the arrival of a savior

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secular outlook

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confucianism

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feature common to hindusim and judaism

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both associated with a particular group of people

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why India did not experience long periods of imperial rule

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local loyalties to caste, frequent invasions from Central Asia, cultural diversity of South Asia

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infrastructure of Persian empire that served as models for later states

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canals and roads, imperial courier service, levying of predictable taxes on each province

question

following have contributed to peasant rebellions in China

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state demands for labor, high taxes and rents, natural disasters

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practice of slavery most widespread in this 2nd wave civ

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roman empire

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india's social hierarchy based on

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notions of ritual purity

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how did slavery end in greco-roman world

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gradually transitioned to serfdom

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following reflect similarities between china civil service exam and india caste system

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maintenance of social hierarchy that lasted for long time, universally accepted ideas to justify inequalities, promise of illusion of mobility

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societies in chaco region and MS valley got corn from

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mesoamerica

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central feature of bantu religion that influenced cultural traditions of sub-saharan africa

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ancestor veneration

question

shamans were powerful leaders in

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moche, chavin, maya

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tech innovations that spread from CHina to the rest of eurasia by 11th century

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papermaking, printing, cast iron

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conditions under which chinese culture was initially introduced into korea and vietnam

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conquest and colonization

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japan and europe shared in 10th century

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decentralized political structure

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expansion of Islamic civ introduced ag goods and innovations into middle east from

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south and southeast asia

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muslim pop in spain

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10th century

question

byzantine church closely tied to state

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caesaropapism

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increased ag productivity in northern europe 6th c

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horse collar, heavy wheeled plow, iron horseshoes

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classical greek philosophy influenced

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western europe, byz empire, islamic world

question

mongols interest in promoting interregional trade

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financial backing for caravans, standardization, tax breaks granted merchants

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mongols in 13th c and europeans in 16th c

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both more economically developed than chinese and islamic civs

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women in pastoral societies

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enjoyed greater roe in public life

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russia most affected by mongols

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russian princes adopted diplomatic rituals, court practices, military draft of mongols

question

policy of mongol rulers facilitated exchange of ideas and techniques throughout eurasia

answer

forcible transfer of skilled and educated people to distant parts of empire

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