World History Prentice Hall Chapter 16 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Hapsburg Empire
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the Holy Empire and the Netherlands
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Charles V
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heir of the Hapsburg Empire (Charles I)
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Philip II
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expanded Spanish influence, strengthened the Catholic Church, and made his own power absolute
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Absolute monarch
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a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people
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Divine right
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belief that the ruler's authority comes directly to God
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Armada
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fleet to carry a Spanish invasion force to England
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El Greco
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"The Greek" who painted haunting religious pictures and portraits of Spanish nobles during Spain's Golden Age
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Miguel de Cervantes
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an important writer of Spain's Golden Age who wrote Don Quixote becoming Europe's first modern novel
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Huguenots
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Catholics and French Protestants who tore France apart
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Henry IV
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a prince who inherited the French throne in 1589 fighting against fierce Catholic opposition to gain control of France (Huguenots)
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Edict of Nantes
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granted the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms
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Cardinal Richelieu
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(1624) chief minister who devoted the next 18 years to strengthening the central government after Henry IV's death
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Louis XIV
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five year old who inherited the throne in 1643 after Richelieu's death
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Intendants
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royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies in the provinces
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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brilliant finance minister who imposed mercantilist policies to bolster the economy
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Versailles
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royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV
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Levée
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morning ritual during which nobles would wait upon French king Louis XIV(rising)
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Balance of power
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the goal to maintain a distribution of military and economic power among Europeans nations to prevent any one country from dominating the region
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James I
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first Stuart monarch, who agreed to rule according to English laws and customs after Elizabeth I's death
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Dissenters
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Protestants who differed with the Church of England
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Puritans
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members of an English Protestant group who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by making it more simple and more morally strict
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Charles I
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inherited the throne on 1625 and behaved like an absolute monarch; refused to sign the Petition of Right and dissolved Parliament
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Oliver Cromwell
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a puritan member of the lesser gentry and proved himself to be a skilled general
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English Bill of Rights
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24. - series of acts passed by the English Parliament in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament
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Limited monarchy
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government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers
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Constitutional government
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a government whose power is defined and limited by law
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Cabinet
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parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room
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Oligarchy
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28. - a government in which the ruling power belongs to a few people
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Electors
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one of the seven German princes who would choose the Holy Roman emperor
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Ferdinand
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the Catholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia, sought to suppress Protestants and to assert royal power over nobles
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Mercenary
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soldier serving in a foreign army for pay
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Depopulation
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reduction in the number of people in an area
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Peace of Westphalia
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series of treaties that ended the Thirty Year's War (1648)
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Maria Theresa
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Charles VI daughter who was intelligent and capable to rule Hapsburg lands
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War of the Austrian Succession
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- series of wars in which various European nations competed for power in Central Europe after the death of Hapsburg Emperor Charles IV 40. -
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Prussia
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a strong military in central Europe that emerged in late 1600s
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Frederick William I
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Prussian ruler who came to power upon the death of his father in 1713
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Frederick II
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preferred playing the flute and writing poetry instead of training in the art of war
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Peter the Great
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used his power to put Russia on the road to becoming a great modern power
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Westernization
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the adoption of Western ideas, technology, and culture
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Autocratic
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having with unlimited power
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Boyar
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landowning nobles in Russia under the tsars
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Warm-water port
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port that is free of ice year-round
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St. Petersburg
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capital city and major port that Peter the Great established in 1703
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Catherine the Great
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a new monarch who took the reins of the power after Peter died without an heir or a naming successor
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Partition
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a division into pieces
