World History II SOL Review Packet – Flashcards
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Renaissance
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Improving the individual through education and classics
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Protestant
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Christian that broke away from the Catholic Church during Reformation
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Reformation
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Protestants wanting to change the Catholic Church
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Huguenots
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French Protestant
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Inquisition
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Catholic Church that triedProtestants
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Secularism
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Non-religious study
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Individualism
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Rebirth of classic culture and education
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Indigenous
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Native person
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Columbian Exchange
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Exchange of products between the Old and New worlds
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Triangular Trade
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Connected Europe, Africa, and Americas
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Mercantilism
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Economic Theory money = power European naitons followed to become self-sufficient
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Commercial Revolution
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Increase in European trade and colonization motivated by mercantilism
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Maritime
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Water trade route
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Absolute Monarchy
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Leader that had centralized rule based on divine right
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Napoleonic Code
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Law code in France based on Enlightenment ideas
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Mestizo
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Person of European and American descent
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Viceroy
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Provincial Governor (Spanish ruler in New World)
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Balance of Power
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No country in Europe should dominate others (Congress of Vienna)
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Liberalism
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Political Philosophy that supported enlightenment ideas and Revolutions
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Conservatism
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Political Philosophy that resisted change
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Papal States
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Central Italy controlled by the Pope
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Relapolitik
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Unethical ideals used by Bismarck in Germany
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Industrial Revolution
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People and machines brought together outside of home to mass produce goods
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Facotry System
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Shift from homemade goods to factory made goods
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Urbanization
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Growth of citeis
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Labor Union
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organization of workers demanding better conditions
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Child Labor
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Children worked in factories for low wages during industrial age until reform movement
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Communism
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Political Philosophy where state is above individual ruled by a totalitarian leader
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Capitalism
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Economic system where individual controls wealth
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Nationalism
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Extreme pride in country based on common identity
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Imperialism
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The extension of a nations power over other lands
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Colony
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One country has complete control over a territory
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Protectorate
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Country has exclusive trading rights with another country
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Sphere of Influence
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Country's government is heavily influenced by a foreign power
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Alliances
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Countries agreeing to protect each other if attacked (cause of WWI)
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Militarism
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Building up of a country's military
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League of Nations
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International peace keeping organizations established after WWI
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Mandate System
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Former colonies of defeated WWI states were administered by Allies until they could be granted independence
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Repartatoins
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Payment for war damages
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Tariff
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Tax on imported goods
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Five Year Plan
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Stalin's plan to industrialize Soviet Union
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Collectivizaton
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Stalin's plan eliminating private farms for government run farms
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Fascism
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economic theory where government controls wealth
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Totalitarian
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Government controls all aspects of society
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Appeasement
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Granting concessions to maintain peace
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Isolationism
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staying out of international conflicts (US policy before WWII)
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Pacifism
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Anti-war
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Genocide
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Purposefully killing a racial, ethnic, religious, or political group
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Anti-Semitism
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Hatred of Jews
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Master Race
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Believed by Hitler to be the Aryans
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Final Solution
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Plan to eliminate all Jews
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United Nations
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International cooperative peace keeping organization established after WWII
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Iron Curtain
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Symbol of the Cold War (when it comes down symbolized the end of the Cold War)
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Marshall Plan
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US aid plan to rebuild Western Europe after WWII
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NATO
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US and Western European alliance (becomes international alliance after Cold War)
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Warsaw Pact
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USSR and Eastern Europe alliance duringCold War
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Containment
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Prevent the spread of Communism
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Berlin Wall
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Figurative separation of Communism and Capitalism during Cold War (east and west)
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Deterrence
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Preventing conflict for fear of nuclear mutual destruction
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Civil Disobedience
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Refusing to obey unjust laws (non-violence)
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Apartheid
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Racial segregation in South Africa
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Refugee
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Person that fled home due to war, genocide, economic crisis
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Developed Nation
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Industrialized nation with advanced technology
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Developing Nation
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Nation with weak economy and lower standard of living
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Interdependence
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Countries relying on each other
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European Union
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European alliance that created common currency (euro)
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NAFTA
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North American free trade agreement
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WTO
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World trade organization
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Terrorism
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Use of violence to intimidate and coerce for political reasons
